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Environmental and Economic Comparison of Cooling System Designs for Steam-electric Power Plants

The selection of waste heat rejection systems for steam-electric power plants involves a trade-off among environmental, energy and water conservation, and economic factors. This study compares four general types of cooling systems on the basis of these factors. The cooling systems chosen for study are: once-through systems including surface canals and submerged multiport diffusers; shallow closed cycle cooling ponds; mechanical and natural draft evaporative cooling towers; and mechanical draft dry towers. The cooling system comparison involves, first, an optimization of each cooling system and then a comparison among optimal systems. Comparison is made for an 800 MWe fossil unit and a 1200 MWe nuclear unit located at a hypothetical midwestern river site. A set of models has been developed to optimize the components of each cooling system based on the local meteorological and hydrological conditions at the site in accordance with a fixed demand, scalable plant concept. This concept allows one to compare the costs of producing the same net power from each plant/cooling system. Base case economic parameters were used to evaluate the optimum system for each of the four general cooling systems followed by a sensitivity study for each parameter. Comparison of energy and water consumption follows from the results of the performance model, while comparison of environmental impacts is mostly qualitative. Some quantitative modelling was performed for the environmental effects of thermal discharges from once-through systems, fogging from wet cooling towers and water consumption from the ponds, wet towers and once-through. The results of the optimization models of each of the systems are compared on the basis of: performance - discrete distributions of environmental conditions and transient simulation; economics - using base case scenarios and sensitivity values to arrive at costs expressed in terms of production costs, annualized costs and present value costs; energy and water consumption; and environmental effects. The once-through systems were found to be the least expensive of the four systems, the most energy efficient, but potentially the most environmentally damaging. On the other extreme, dry cooling towers are the most environmentally sound while being the most expensive and least energy efficient. Finally, the results of the economic optimization are compared with results from previous comparative studies.

The selection of waste heat rejection systems for steam-electric power plants involves a trade-off among environmental, energy and water conservation, and economic factors.

Dinamika Kebijakan: Handbook Kebijakan Publik

Buku digital ini berjudul "Dinamika Kebijakan", merupakan buku yang berisi tentang "Ilmu Kebijakan Publik" yang dapat memberikan tambahan wawasan pengetahuan dan pencerahan bagi pembaca. Semangat untuk berbagi terutama dalam literasi khazanah pengetahuan sosial politik yang mendasari penerbit menghadirkan konten-konten di buku digital ini. Penerbit berdoa semoga buku digital yang diterbitkan ini bisa bermanfaat dan menjadi bahan pembelajaran serta panduan bagi siapapun juga.

Buku digital ini berjudul "Dinamika Kebijakan", merupakan buku yang berisi tentang "Ilmu Kebijakan Publik" yang dapat memberikan tambahan wawasan pengetahuan dan pencerahan bagi pembaca.

Analisis Kebijakan Sebagai Saran Kebijakan: Handbook Kebijakan Publik

Buku digital ini berjudul "Analisis Kebijakan Sebagai Saran Kebijakan", merupakan buku yang berisi tentang "Ilmu Kebijakan Publik" yang dapat memberikan tambahan wawasan pengetahuan dan pencerahan bagi pembaca. Semangat untuk berbagi terutama dalam literasi khazanah pengetahuan sosial politik yang mendasari penerbit menghadirkan konten-konten di buku digital ini. Penerbit berdoa semoga buku digital yang diterbitkan ini bisa bermanfaat dan menjadi bahan pembelajaran serta panduan bagi siapapun juga.

Buku digital ini berjudul "Analisis Kebijakan Sebagai Saran Kebijakan", merupakan buku yang berisi tentang "Ilmu Kebijakan Publik" yang dapat memberikan tambahan wawasan pengetahuan dan pencerahan bagi pembaca.

Kebijakan dalam Praktek: Handbook Kebijakan Publik

Buku digital ini berjudul "Kebijakan dalam Praktek", merupakan buku yang berisi tentang "Ilmu Kebijakan Publik" yang dapat memberikan tambahan wawasan pengetahuan dan pencerahan bagi pembaca. Semangat untuk berbagi terutama dalam literasi khazanah pengetahuan sosial politik yang mendasari penerbit menghadirkan konten-konten di buku digital ini. Penerbit berdoa semoga buku digital yang diterbitkan ini bisa bermanfaat dan menjadi bahan pembelajaran serta panduan bagi siapapun juga.

Buku digital ini berjudul "Kebijakan dalam Praktek", merupakan buku yang berisi tentang "Ilmu Kebijakan Publik" yang dapat memberikan tambahan wawasan pengetahuan dan pencerahan bagi pembaca.

SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN PADA LAYANAN KESEHATAN PRIMER

Sistem informasi berguna mewujudkan pengelolaan kesehatan yang diselenggarakan oleh semua komponen bangsa Indonesia secara terpadu dan saling mendukung dalam mencapai derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang setinggi-tingginya. Pada setiap penyelenggaraan sistem kesehatan harus memiliki sistem informasi kesehatan (SIK) untuk mendukung manajemen Kesehatan. Dalam kesehatan, terlalu banyak sistem yang bersaing dalam penggunaannya sehingga proses integrasi sulit dan belum dapat dilaksanakan. Persoalan klasik lainnya adalah sebagian besar daerah belum memiliki kemampuan yang memadai. Selain itu, pemanfaatan data dan informasi oleh manajemen belum optimal. Menyadari hambatan serta pentingnya penggunaan sistem informasi manajemen (SIM) dengan baik, oleh karena itu dalam penerapan SIM perlu adanya pemahaman bagaimana penggunaan sistem informasi pada istitusi tersebut.

Sistem informasi berguna mewujudkan pengelolaan kesehatan yang diselenggarakan oleh semua komponen bangsa Indonesia secara terpadu dan saling mendukung dalam mencapai derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang setinggi-tingginya.

Encyclopedia of Management Theory

In discussing a management topic, scholars, educators, practitioners, and the media often toss out the name of a theorist (Taylor, Simon, Weber) or make a sideways reference to a particular theory (bureaucracy, total quality management, groupthink) and move on, as if assuming their audience possesses the necessary background to appreciate and integrate the reference. This is often far from the case. Individuals are frequently forced to seek out a hodgepodge of sources varying in quality and presentation to provide an overview of a particular idea. This work is designed to serve as a core reference for anyone interested in the essentials of contemporary management theory. Drawing together a team of international scholars, it examines the global landscape of the key theories and the theorists behind them, presenting them in the context needed to understand their strengths and weaknesses to thoughtfully apply them. In addition to interpretations of long-established theories, it also offers essays on cutting-edge research as one might find in a handbook. And, like an unabridged dictionary, it provides concise, to-the-point definitions of key concepts, ideas, schools, and figures. Features and Benefits: Two volumes containing over 280 signed entries provide users with the most authoritative and thorough reference resources available on management theory, both in terms of breadth and depth of coverage. Standardized presentation format, organized into categories based on validity and importance, structures entries so that readers can assess the fundamentals, evolution, and impact of theories. To ease navigation between and among related entries, a Reader’s Guide groups entries thematically and each entry is followed by Cross-References. In the electronic version, the Reader’s Guide combines with the Cross-References and a detailed Index to provide robust search-and-browse capabilities. An appendix with a Chronology of Management Theory allows readers to easily chart directions and trends in thought and theory from early times to the present. An appendix with Central Management Insights allows readers to easily understand, compare, and apply major theoretical messages of the field. Suggestions for Further Reading at the end of each entry guide readers to sources for more detailed research and discussion. Key themes include: Nature of Management Managing People, Personality, and Perception Managing Motivation Managing Interactions Managing Groups Managing Organizations Managing Environments Strategic Management Human Resources Management International Management and Diversity Managerial Decision Making, Ethics, and Creativity Management Education, Research, and Consulting Management of Operations, Quality, and Information Systems Management of Entrepreneurship Management of Learning and Change Management of Technology and Innovation Management and Leadership Management and Social / Environmental Issues PLUS: Appendix of Chronology of Management Theory PLUS: Appendix of Central Management Insights

This is often far from the case. Individuals are frequently forced to seek out a hodgepodge of sources varying in quality and presentation to provide an overview of a particular idea.