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Komunikasi Antarbudaya

Satu Perspektif Multidimensi

Budaya berkenaan dengan cara manusia hidup. Manusia belajar berpikir, merasa mempercayai, dan mengusahakan apa yang patut menurut budayanya. Bahasa, persahabatan, kebiasaan makan, praktik komunikasi, tindakan-tindakan sosial, kegiatan ekonomi, politik, dan teknologi, semua itu berdasarkan pola-pola budaya. Budaya adalah suatu konsep yang membangkitkan minat. Secara formal budaya didefinisikan sebagai tatanan pengetahuan, pengalaman, kepercayaan, nilai, sikap, makna, dan diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi melalui usaha individu dan kelompok. Budaya berkesinambungan dan hadir di mana-mana, budaya juga berkenaan dengan bentuk fisik serta lingkungan sosial yang mempengaruhi hidup kita. Budaya kita, secara pasti memengaruhi kita sejak dalam kandungan hingga mati dan bahkan setelah mati pun kita dikuburkan dengan cara-cara yang sesuai dengan budaya kita. Budaya dipelajari tidak diwariskan secara genetis, budaya juga berubah ketika orang-orang berhubungan antara yang satu dengan lainnya. Artinya budaya dan komunikasi tidak dapat dipisahkan. Budaya tidak hanya menentukan siapa bicara siapa, tentang apa, dan bagaimana komunikasi berlangsung, tetapi budaya juga turut menentukan orang menyandi pesan, makna yang ia miliki untuk pesan, dan kondisi-kondisi untuk mengirim, memperhatikan, dan menafsirkan pesan. Sebenarnya seluruh perbendaharaan perilaku kita sangat tergantung pada budaya kita dibesarkan.

Meskipun TKW dan orang Arab sama-sama muslim, mereka mungkin memahami Islam secara berbeda, termasuk fikihnya. Konon misalnya, sebagian majikan Arab merasa berhak melakukan “pelanggaran seksual” terhadap pembantu wanita (yang mereka ...

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 5:2

The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (AJISS), established in 1984, is a quarterly, double blind peer-reviewed and interdisciplinary journal, published by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), and distributed worldwide. The journal showcases a wide variety of scholarly research on all facets of Islam and the Muslim world including subjects such as anthropology, history, philosophy and metaphysics, politics, psychology, religious law, and traditional Islam.

Harold Lasswell, a political scientist, defines communication simply as: A convenient way to describe the act of communication is to answer the following question: Who, says what, in which channel, to whom, with what effect?

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:1

The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (AJISS) is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes a wide variety of scholarly research on all facets of Islam and the Muslim world: anthropology, economics, history, philosophy and metaphysics, politics, psychology, religious law, and traditional Islam. Submissions are subject to a blind peer review process.

That is the standard, but not exclusive, way in which God interacts with messengers. Even though some exegetes and historians see the possibility of noise here, we have proven otherwise. All divine–human communications have positive ...

Medieval Islamic Pragmatics

Sunni Legal Theorists' Models of Textual Communication

This book deals with two different pragmatic approaches to textual communication: (i) the mainstream approach followed by the 'Ash'ari s, Hanafi s and Mu'tazili s, (ii) the salafite approach followed mainly by the Hanbali s, defended and elaborated by Ibn Taymiyyah. One of the primary aims of the book is to explore and formulate several Muslim legal theorists' pragmatic theories, communicative principles and linguistic views, construct them in the form of models and set them within a general uniform framework. Another aim is to reveal a corpus of information and data which, though highly relevant to modern pragmatics, is still unknown. This study, which can be seen as an extensive introduction to 'medieval Islamic pragmatics', is the first attempt to examine the approaches followed by the Salafi s or the mainstream from a pragmatic viewpoint. There has been no attempt to explain the principles and the strategies utilised by the medieval Sunni Muslim legal theorists in their account of how communication works and how successful interpretation is achieved. Of course, a lot of work has been done on different Islamic sects and their different positions over the interpretation of the Quran and Sunnah, but these studies fall short of delving into the underlying communicative principles that motivate their differences over interpretation. The author's formulation of the Muslim legal theorists' views is enhanced by setting up a reliable theoretical foundation and by delving into their underlying philosophical principles. This involves relating the legal theorists' insights into interpretation and communication to their relevant ontological, epistemological and theological outlooks, and comparing these insights with their modern pragmatic counterparts.

This book deals with two different pragmatic approaches to textual communication: (i) the mainstream approach followed by the 'Ash'ari s, Hanafi s and Mu'tazili s, (ii) the salafite approach followed mainly by the Hanbali s, defended and ...

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 11:1

The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (AJISS), established in 1984, is a quarterly, double blind peer-reviewed and interdisciplinary journal, published by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), and distributed worldwide. The journal showcases a wide variety of scholarly research on all facets of Islam and the Muslim world including subjects such as anthropology, history, philosophy and metaphysics, politics, psychology, religious law, and traditional Islam.

Order Number DA9335218 Islam, as a religious ideology, has its media channel and its media center that contain a communication model. The media channel is prayer, and the media center is the mosque. The primary purpose of this study is ...

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:2

The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (AJISS), established in 1984, is a quarterly, double blind peer-reviewed and interdisciplinary journal, published by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), and distributed worldwide. The journal showcases a wide variety of scholarly research on all facets of Islam and the Muslim world including subjects such as anthropology, history, philosophy and metaphysics, politics, psychology, religious law, and traditional Islam.

Figure 1: Steps in Communication AXIOM II 1. Each act of communication is separate and discrete and can be studied as such. 2. Communication is linear, in the sense that a message travels one way from a source to a receiver. 3.

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:4

The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (AJISS), established in 1984, is a quarterly, double blind peer-reviewed and interdisciplinary journal, published by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), and distributed worldwide. The journal showcases a wide variety of scholarly research on all facets of Islam and the Muslim world including subjects such as anthropology, history, philosophy and metaphysics, politics, psychology, religious law, and traditional Islam.

The implication of the approach taken by Brown et al. is that the challenges raised by religious diversity are not insurmountable and there are existing models for understanding the communication challenges faced along with tried and ...

Arabic Humanities, Islamic Thought

Essays in Honor of Everett K. Rowson

The studies in this volume, which cover an unusually wide range of topics in the Arabic humanities and Islamic thought, explore the richness of the Arabic literary tradition and Islamic intellectual life from the beginnings of Islam to the present.

About the relation between human and animal communication? About the role of idiom in scientific discourse? About the relative value of logical definitions and lexicography's periphrastic definitions? By tracking the case of animal ...

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 8:2

The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (AJISS), established in 1984, is a quarterly, double blind peer-reviewed and interdisciplinary journal, published by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), and distributed worldwide. The journal showcases a wide variety of scholarly research on all facets of Islam and the Muslim world including subjects such as anthropology, history, philosophy and metaphysics, politics, psychology, religious law, and traditional Islam.

The present paper, in line with the culturalist approach to media theory," therefore broadly conceptualizes the mass media of communication in terms of culture industry. It is predicated on the assumption that, among others, ...

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16:1

The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (AJISS), established in 1984, is a quarterly, double blind peer-reviewed and interdisciplinary journal, published by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), and distributed worldwide. The journal showcases a wide variety of scholarly research on all facets of Islam and the Muslim world including subjects such as anthropology, history, philosophy and metaphysics, politics, psychology, religious law, and traditional Islam.

Communication The bulk of administrative work in educational settings is conducted through communication with internal and external publics. The means are so diversified: circulars, phone calls, posted notices, official letters, ...