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The Changing Nature of Customary International Law

Methods of Interpreting the Concept of Custom in International Criminal Tribunals

This book examines the evolution of customary international law (CIL) as a source of international law. Using the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) as a key case study, the book explores the importance of CIL in the development of international criminal law and focuses on the ways in which international criminal tribunals can be said to change the ways in which CIL is formed and identified. In doing so, the book surveys the process and substance of CIL, as well as the problematic distinction between the elements of state practice and opinio juris. By applying an inclusiveãeepositivist approach, Noora Arajärvi analyses the methodologies of identification of CIL in selected cases of the ICTY, and their normative foundations. Through examination of the case-law and the reasoning of courts and tribunals, Arajärvi demonstrates to what extent the court's chosen method of identification of CIL affects the process of custom formation and the resulting system of norms in general. The book will be of great value to researchers and scholars of international law, international relations, and practitioners with interests in customary international law.

This book examines the evolution of customary international law (CIL) as a source of international law.

Opening a Restaurant Or Other Food Business Starter Kit

How to Prepare a Restaurant Business Plan & Feasibility Study : with Companion CD-ROM

Book & CD-ROM. Restaurants are one of the most frequently started small businesses, yet have one of the highest failure rates. A business plan precisely defines your business, identifies your goals, and serves as your firm's resume. The basic components include a current and proforma balance sheet, an income statement, and a cash flow analysis. It helps you allocate resources properly, handle unforeseen complications, and make good business decisions. Because it provides specific and organised information about your company and how you will repay borrowed money, a good business plan is a crucial part of any loan application. Additionally, it informs personnel, suppliers, and others about your operations and goals. Despite the critical importance of a business plan, many entrepreneurs drag their feet when it comes to preparing a written document. They argue that their marketplace changes too fast for a business plan to be useful or that they just don't have enough time. But just as a builder won't begin construction without a blueprint, eager business owners shouldn't rush into new ventures without a business plan. The CD-ROM will cover the following subjects: Elements of a Business Plan, Cover sheet ,Statement of purpose, The Business, Description of The Restaurant, Marketing, Competition, Operating procedures, Personnel, Business insurance, Financial Data, Loan applications, Capital equipment and supply list, Balance sheet, Breakeven analysis, Pro-forma income projections (profit & loss statements), Three-year summary, Detail by month, first year, Detail by quarters, second and third years, Assumptions upon which projections were based, Pro-forma cash flow, Supporting Documents, For franchised businesses, a copy of franchise contract and all, supporting documents provided by the franchisor, Copy of proposed lease or purchase agreement for building space, Copy of licenses and other legal documents, Copy of resumes of all principals, Copies of letters of intent from suppliers, etc. A new study from The Ohio State University has found the restaurant industry failure rate between 1996 and 1999 to be between 57-61 percent over three years. Don't be a statistic on the wrong side, plan now for success with this new book and CD-Rom package.

Don't be a statistic on the wrong side, plan now for success with this new book and CD-Rom package.

Understanding and Using English Grammar

The Workbook consists solely of self-study exercises, with answers included, providing students the opportunity to explore and practice grammar independently. It is keyed to explanatory grammar charts in both the Student Book and the Chartbook. Understanding and Using English Grammar is a classic developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced English language learners.

The Workbook consists solely of self-study exercises, with answers included, providing students the opportunity to explore and practice grammar independently.

E-Commerce: Strategi dan Inovasi Bisnis Berbasis Digital

Buku ini diharapkan dapat hadir memberi kontribusi positif dalam ilmu pengetahuan khususnya terkait dengan manajemen dan pengelolaan E-Commerce berbasis inovasi digital. Sistematika buku E-Commerce: Strategi dan Inovasi Bisnis Berbasis Digital ini mengacu pada pendekatan konsep teoritis dan contoh penerapan. Buku ini terdiri atas 12 bab yang dibahas secara rinci, diantaranya: Pengantar E-Commerce, Sejarah E-Commerce di Indonesia, Komponen Dalam Bisnis E-Commerce, Manajemen Pengelolaan E-Commerce, Keamanan Sistem E-Commerce, Aspek Hukum Bisnis E-Commerce, E-Business Economics, Mobile Commerce, WooCommerce Sebagai Media E-Commerce, Peluang Bisnis E-Commerce Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah, Dampak E-Commerce pada Konsumen dan Pelaku UMKM, Pasar Modal Pada E-Commerce. Pembahasan materi dalam buku ini telah disusun secara sistematis, dengan tujuan memudahkan pembaca untuk memahaminya. Kami menyadari bahwa tulisan ini jauh dari kesempurnaan dan masih terdapat banyak kekurangan, sejatinya kesempurnaan itu hanya milik Yang Kuasa. Oleh sebab itu, kami tentu menerima masukan dan saran dari pembaca demi penyempurnaan lebih lanjut.

E-Commerce Sisi Jual (Sell-Slide E-Commerce) E-commerce sisi jual mencakup transaksi e-commerce antara perusahaan dan pelanggannya. E-commerce sisi jual dapat dilihat dari pemasaran digital dan manajemen hubungan pelanggan.

Electronic Data Capture Edc a Clear and Concise Reference

Is there any existing Electronic Data Capture EDC governance structure? What are all of our Electronic Data Capture EDC domains and what do they do? Are assumptions made in Electronic Data Capture EDC stated explicitly? What business benefits will Electronic Data Capture EDC goals deliver if achieved? What are the business goals Electronic Data Capture EDC is aiming to achieve? This best-selling Electronic Data Capture EDC self-assessment will make you the entrusted Electronic Data Capture EDC domain standout by revealing just what you need to know to be fluent and ready for any Electronic Data Capture EDC challenge. How do I reduce the effort in the Electronic Data Capture EDC work to be done to get problems solved? How can I ensure that plans of action include every Electronic Data Capture EDC task and that every Electronic Data Capture EDC outcome is in place? How will I save time investigating strategic and tactical options and ensuring Electronic Data Capture EDC costs are low? How can I deliver tailored Electronic Data Capture EDC advice instantly with structured going-forward plans? There's no better guide through these mind-expanding questions than acclaimed best-selling author Gerard Blokdyk. Blokdyk ensures all Electronic Data Capture EDC essentials are covered, from every angle: the Electronic Data Capture EDC self-assessment shows succinctly and clearly that what needs to be clarified to organize the required activities and processes so that Electronic Data Capture EDC outcomes are achieved. Contains extensive criteria grounded in past and current successful projects and activities by experienced Electronic Data Capture EDC practitioners. Their mastery, combined with the easy elegance of the self-assessment, provides its superior value to you in knowing how to ensure the outcome of any efforts in Electronic Data Capture EDC are maximized with professional results. Your purchase includes access details to the Electronic Data Capture EDC self-assessment dashboard download which gives you your dynamically prioritized projects-ready tool and shows you exactly what to do next. Your exclusive instant access details can be found in your book.

How can I deliver tailored Electronic Data Capture EDC advice instantly with structured going-forward plans? There's no better guide through these mind-expanding questions than acclaimed best-selling author Gerard Blokdyk.

MENGHALALKAN CINTA

TENTANG KATA, KITA, DAN CINTA

Andai bisa, aku ingin menjadi darah di tubuhmu. Biar dapat mengintip adakah aku di hatimu? Andai mampu, aku ingin menjadi detak di jantungmu. Agar kutahu, seberapa kencangnya saat kau berada di sisiku? Dan andai sanggup, aku ingin menjadi tasbih di jemarimu. Biar diam-diam dapat mendengar, adakah namaku yang kau sebut dalam doamu? Kuhadiahkan setangkai aksara, cerita-cerita yang kupetik dari taman hati seseorang, seseorang yang sedang memendam rasa, seseorang yang ingin memaafkan luka, seseorang yang tengah menikmati sepi dan, seseorang yang hendak menghalalkan cinta... Seseorang yang tiada lain bernama kamu. Iya ini cerita kamu.

Kuhadiahkan setangkai aksara, cerita-cerita yang kupetik dari taman hati seseorang, seseorang yang sedang memendam rasa, seseorang yang ingin memaafkan luka, seseorang yang tengah menikmati sepi dan, seseorang yang hendak menghalalkan cinta ...

Essentials of Quranic Arabic: Volume 1

This first volume guides the student in a step-wise progression to learn the fundamentals of Quranic grammar. The methodology of this book is different from others in that conversational Arabic and non-Quranic vocabulary are not emphasized. Instead, there is a keen focus on mastering key grammar principles alongside "high-yield" Quranic vocabulary.

This first volume guides the student in a step-wise progression to learn the fundamentals of Quranic grammar. The methodology of this book is different from others in that conversational Arabic and non-Quranic vocabulary are not emphasized.

Criminology Theory and Terrorism

New Applications and Approaches

Although there has been an increase in research on terrorism across the social and behavioural sciences in the past few decades, until recently most of this work has originated from political science, psychology or economics. Therefore, our focus in this book on criminological conceptual frameworks and empirical studies that engage terrorism and responses to it is unique. We include a distinguished group of researchers that offer their distinctive insights into criminological perspectives on terrorism. The contributors focus on criminological perspectives that have rarely, if ever, been previously applied to the study of terrorism. This includes a range of perspectives from rational choice to social disorganization; from strain to routine activities theory. This volume will advance understanding of terrorism by taking advantage of criminological contributions, and at the same time will serve as a useful update to the criminologists and their students already working in this area. It would also be a helpful introduction to those criminologists and their students who would like to be more engaged in this important area of research. This book was originally published as a special issue of Terrorism and Political Violence.

Although there has been an increase in research on terrorism across the social and behavioural sciences in the past few decades, until recently most of this work has originated from political science, psychology or economics.

Law and Logic

A Critical Account of Legal Argument

This book has two related aims: to investigate the frequently voiced claim that legal argument is nonformal in nature and, within the limits of such an investigation, to ascertain the most general proper ties of law as a rational system. Examination of a number of views of legal argument, selected from recent discussions in Germany, Belgium, and the English-speaking countries, will lead to the follow ing main conclusions. The nonformalistic conceptions of the logic of legal argument are ambiguous and unclear. Moreover, insofar as these conceptions are capable of clarification in the light of recent analytical methodology, they can be seen to be either mistaken or else compatible with the formalistic position. Because law is socially directive and coordinative, it is dependent upon theoretical psycho sociology and calls, in principle, for a deontic and inductive logic. The primary function of legal argument is to provide continuing reinterpretation and confirmation of legal rules, conceived as theo retical prescriptions. On the basis of this conception, the old juris prudential conflict between formalism and rule-scepticism appears substantially resolved. Aristotle, the founder of the theory of argument, conceived it as "the science of establishing conclusions" (bnO'l;~fl'YJ &no~e!"u,,~), designed to guide people in rational argumentation. In time, how ever, logic forsook its practical function and developed as a highly abstract and disinterested study, today called "formal logic"; and the theory of practical argument was either neglected or relegated to an appendix to rhetoric.

This book has two related aims: to investigate the frequently voiced claim that legal argument is nonformal in nature and, within the limits of such an investigation, to ascertain the most general proper ties of law as a rational system.