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Public Management

Thinking and Acting in Three Dimensions

Managing in the public sector requires an understanding of the interaction between three distinct dimensions—administrative structures, organizational cultures, and the skills of individual managers. Public managers must produce results that citizens and their representatives expect from their government while fulfilling their constitutional responsibilities. In Public Management: Thinking and Acting in Three Dimensions, authors Carolyn J. Hill and Laurence E. Lynn, Jr. argue that one-size-fits-all approaches are inadequate for dealing with the distinctive challenges that public managers face. Drawing on both theory and detailed case studies of actual practice, the authors show how public management that is based on applying a three-dimensional analytic framework—structure, culture, and craft—to specific management problems is the most effective way to improve the performance of America’s unique scheme of governance in accordance with the rule of law. The book educates readers to be informed citizens and prepares students to participate as professionals in the world of public management.

Public administration scholar Mark Bovens suggests that public accountability serves five essential functions in a representative ... 55 Frederick C. Mosher defined accountability in relation to what he termed objective responsibility, ...

Analisis Kinerja Manajemen

Laporan keuangan merupakan salah satu sumber informasi yang penting bagi para penggunanya, terutama dalam rangka pengambilan keputusan. Laporan keuangan akan menjadi lebih bermanfaat apabila informasi yang terkandung dalam laporan keuangan tersebut dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi apa yang akan terjadi di masa mendatang, melalui suatu proses perbandingan, evaluasi, dan analisis trend. Analisis laporan keuangan merupakan suatu proses untuk ”membedah” laporan keuangan ke dalam unsur-unsurnya, dan menelaah masing-masing dari unsur tersebut untuk memperoleh pengertian dan pemahaman yang baik atas kinerja manajemen. Hasil analisis laporan keuangan ini akan membantu analis dalam menginterpretasikan berbagai hubungan kunci antar pos laporan keuangan, serta dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar dalam menilai potensi keberhasilan manajemen di masa mendatang.

Rugi bersih (net loss) yang dihasilkan selama periode berjalan akan menyebabkan laba ditahan untuk periode berjalan menjadi defisit, yang pada akhirnya mengurangi besarnya laba ditahan awal periode. G-3 /GC Saham Treasury Saham biasa ...

Die Regeln des islamischen Bankenwesens: Banking nach der Sharia

Der weltweite Prozess der Globalisierung hält, wie in allen Branchen, auch im Finanzbereich Einzug. Ausländisches Kapital, ausländische Kunden und damit auch andere Kulturen werden für deutsche Banken immer wichtiger. Durch die Einwanderung von ausländischen Arbeitskräften nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg sind zudem ganz neue Kundensegmente entstanden. Die Kunden haben zum Teil andere Werte und Normen und bedürfen daher anderer Finanzprodukte. Die deutschen Banken haben lange Zeit nicht darauf reagiert und weiterhin kulturell undifferenzierte Produkte angeboten. Ähnlich wurde anfangs in allen Einwanderungsstaaten gehandelt. Doch während manche Banken im Ausland relativ schnell auf diese Möglichkeiten reagierten und teilweise große Erfolge damit erzielten, haben die meisten deutschen Banken diesen Trend zu spät erkannt. Aufgrund ihrer Größe besonders interessant ist in dem Zusammenhang die Kundengruppe der Muslime. Und somit das Islamic Banking. Doch was genau ist Islamic Banking? Diese Frage lässt sich auf zwei Wegen beantworten. Zum einen kann man es definieren als: Islamisches Bankenwesen, dass jede Form von Finanzdienstleistungen, die nach den Regeln des Islam aufgebaut sind, umfasst. Dazu bedarf es der Einhaltung der Verbote des Riba (Zins) der Gharar (Spekulationen) sowie von Maysir und Qimar (Glücksspiel). Außerdem müssen grundsätzliche Regeln eingehalten werden; so dürfen ethisch moralische Grundsätze nie verletzt werden und es muss stets eine Risiko-, Gewinn- und Verlustteilung vorliegen. Besonderes Interesse hat das Islamic Banking während des Beginns der Finanzkrise geweckt. Während konventionelle Banken Milliarden abschreiben mussten, waren islamische Banken zunächst nicht betroffen. Plötzlich erschienen in vielen namenhaften Zeitschriften Artikel über den Erfolg dieser Banken. Doch warum haben islamische Banken der Krise scheinbar getrotzt und wenn sie der Krise trotzen konnten, ist das Islamic Banking dann unanfällig für Krisen oder liegt das Risiko nur an einer anderen Stelle? Vielen Menschen ist inzwischen bekannt, dass islamische Banken keine Zinsen nehmen dürfen. Zinsen sind es aber eben, die die Säule des konventionellen Bankensystems darstellen. Wie also finanzieren sich islamische Banken? Welche Instrumente und Produkte stehen diesen Banken dazu zur Verfügung und gibt es vielleicht weitere wichtige Regeln, die islamischen Banken beachten müssen? Inzwischen sind auch deutsche Banken auf das Islamic Banking aufmerksam geworden und [...]

Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht bezüglich beziehungsweise das heißt f folgende fortfolgende in der Regel Institute for Islamic Banking and Finance ...

Illuminati

"Novus Ordo Seclorum" the Secret Knowledge of Al-Qur'an-Al Azeem

The Set of Initials has coded the 4 prophecies about the Caliphate: Seat of King David on Earth. I am Ibrahim the Beast, a Sign of the Hour. I was born to speak to the Jews on 4 prophecies on the New World Order, namely the Caliphate: Seat of King David on Earth. Thus, I am both prophesied and coded with the 13th Sura, in the Holy Qur'an. I am prophesied as "Ibrahim the Beast," a Sign of the Hour, in the 13th Initialed Sura, Sura 27-an-Naml; and alternatively, I am also prophesied as "Ibrahim" the Witness who has Knowledge of the Book, - al-Qur'an, in the 13th Qur'an Sura, Sura 13-Ar-Ra'ad, in the Holy Qur'an. On the other hand, Sura 27-an-Naml is the 27th Qur'an Sura; and its corresponding 27th Initialed Sura, Sura 46-Al-Ahqaf, confirms me as a Witness from the Children of Israel, - Messiah ben David.

I am prophesied as "Ibrahim the Beast", a Sign of the Hour, in the 13th Initialed Sura, Sura 27-an-Naml; and alternatively, I am also prophesied as "Ibrahim" the Witness who has Knowledge of the Book, - al-Qur'an, in the 13th Qur'an Sura, ...

The Qu'ran

(Al-Qur'an)

The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God. It is widely regarded as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language. Quranic chapters are called suras and verses, ayahs.

The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God. It is widely regarded as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language. Quranic chapters are called suras and verses, ayahs.

The Proof of Authenticity

The Secret Knowledge of Al-qur'an-al Azeem

The Set of Initials gives a detail exposition of the Miracle of the Holy Qur'an.The Miracle, 19, was discovered by Dr. R. Khalifa, the false Messenger of the Covenant. It, however, became the stepping stone of the 1409-Trial of the printing of a version of the Qur'an, “QUR'AN THE FINAL TESTAMENT: Authorized English Version with Arabic Texts”, without “the two false verses 9:128-129” – a scripture for a new religious system: SUBMISSION.The Miracle, 19, is the Proof of Authenticity of the Holy Qur'an. It proves the infallibility of the Qur'an; it could not be produced by other than Allah [swt], the lord of the worlds. Indeed, it is the promised Guidance of Allah, which was promised to be sent down to us: Mankind and Jinn. Hence, it is the confirmation of the revelations that were revealed to the Peoples of the Book aforetime.The Miracle, 19, is the foundation of the Secret Knowledge of Al-Qur'an-al Azeem. It forms the basis of the 7-Pairs of Initials of the Grand Qur'an that are a coded message addressed to the Children of Israel, regarding the re–establishment of the Throne of David in Zion. The meanings of the 14 Sets of Initials remained an unknown mystery for 14 centuries until I was born to decode them.The Miracle, 19, is the subject matter of the 3-persons: the prophet Muhammad [pbuh], the Messenger of Allah and the Khatam-an Nabieen, Dr. R. Khalifa, “God's Messenger of the Covenant” and “Ibrahim” the Witness who has Knowledge of the Book, - al-Qur'an. I “Ibrahim” am presenting to the world a religious literature per excellence the authenticity of which is established by the miracle of the Grand Qur'an; far beyond all reasonable doubt; and fulfilling the End Time prophecies, prophesied in the Sacred Scriptures: the Torah, the Bible and the Qur'an.The Miracle, 19, constitutes the 19-Part Classification of Al-Qur'an, - the Suhuf-an Mutahharah. These would be recited to mankind by the Messenger of the Covenant. It is indeed the confirmation of the revelations sent to the 19 Nations of Antiquity, in the History of the World. Therefore, let the doubters doubt.

Hence, it is the confirmation of the revelations that were revealed to the Peoples of the Book aforetime.The Miracle, 19, is the foundation of the Secret Knowledge of Al-Qur'an-al Azeem.

Ulum al Qur'an

An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'an (Koran)

This classic and popular introduction to the sciences developed to interpret and understand Islam's holy book is ideal for all serious students of the Koran. Precise, yet comprehensive, it covers the traditional disciplines, including the meaning and contexts of revelation, the history and transmission of the text, and exegesis, as well as more contemporary topics like the recording of the Koran, the history of Orientalist approaches, and a survey of translations. It ends with a guide for the correct recitation of, and etiquette toward, the Koran. Chapter 1: The Qur'an and Revelation Chapter 2: Transmission of the Qur'anic Revelation Chapter 3: The Qur'an in Manuscript and Print Chapter 4: Form, Language and Style Chapter 5: Understanding the Text Chapter 6: Interpreting the Text Chapter 7: Some Related Issues Chapter 8: Reading and Studying the Qur'an Ahmad Von Denffer was born in Germany in 1949. He studied Islamics and Social Anthropology at the Universty of Mainz, where he also attended additional courses in the Department of Missiology. His special interests include Christian-Muslim relations. He has made a number of contributions to scholarly journals and has several publications to his credit. He joined the Islamic Foundation as Research Fellow in 1978 and is presently working with the Islamic Centre, Munich.

Chapter 1: The Qur'an and Revelation Chapter 2: Transmission of the Qur'anic Revelation Chapter 3: The Qur'an in Manuscript and Print Chapter 4: Form, Language and Style Chapter 5: Understanding the Text Chapter 6: Interpreting the Text ...

Customary Law in Hungary

Courts, Texts, and the Tripartitum

This is the first comprehensive treatment in any language of the history of customary law in Hungary, from the thirteenth to the twentieth centuries. Hungary's customary law was described by Stephen Werboczy in 1517 in the extensive law code known as the Tripartitum. As Werboczy explained, Hungarian law derived from the interplay of Romano-canonical law, statute, written instruments, and court judgments. It was also responsive, however, to popular conceptions of the law's content and application, as communicated through the lay membership of the kingdom's courts. Publication of the Tripartitum was intended to make the law more certain by fixing it in writing. Nevertheless, its text was customized by actual use, in the same way as the statute laws of the kingdom were adjusted as a consequence of court practice and of errors in their transmission. The reputation attaching to the Tripartitum and Hungary's insulation from the Roman Law Reception meant that the Tripartitum continued to retain authority until well into the nineteenth century. Attempts to replace it foundered and it was the principal text on which the courts and the schools relied, not only in Habsburg Hungary but also in Transylvania. Courts, nevertheless, continued to modify its provisions in the interests of rendering judgments that they deemed either to be right or in conformity with developing practices. Even after the establishment of a parliamentary form of government in the nineteenth century, a strong customary element attached to Hungarian law, which was amplified by the association of customary law with national traditions. The consequence was that Hungary maintained aspects of a customary law regime until the Communist period.

This is the first comprehensive treatment in any language of the history of customary law in Hungary, from the thirteenth to the twentieth centuries.

Legal Dissonance

The Interaction of Criminal Law and Customary Law in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea’s two most powerful legal orders — customary law and state law —undermine one another in criminal matters. This phenomenon, called legal dissonance, partly explains the low level of personal security found in many parts of the country. This book demonstrates that a lack of coordination in the punishing of wrong behavior is both problematic for legal orders themselves and for those who are subject to such legal phenomena Legal dissonance can lead to behavior being simultaneously promoted by one legal order and punished by the other, leading to injustice, and, perhaps more importantly, undermining the ability of both legal orders to deter wrongdoing.

This book demonstrates that a lack of coordination in the punishing of wrong behavior is both problematic for legal orders themselves and for those who are subject to such legal phenomena Legal dissonance can lead to behavior being ...

Digital Banking Tips

Practical Tips for Disruptors!

Developing a digital banking presence is a daunting task, especially when you consider the financial resources and education needed to achieve telephone, online, mobile, and other digital banking capabilities. Where to start? That's where this book comes in. It's a quick and easy read, the tips are simple to implement, and you may even find a little banking humor to help you through the process. There are other books written on this subject, but what is missing is an execution guide. We need a quick and dirty manual that tells us how to implement digital banking services. This is a short, to the point, and action-oriented (rather than theoretical) book. Innovation is certainly required, but it's not always about technology. Rather it is about using what you already have in different ways to create change. Not every bank or financial institution has huge resources, leadership that supports digital transformation, or fully engaged employees with a digital mindset. So the idea is to provide useful tips that you can execute easily in the current environment of your company - with or without significant investments. Even if your company has been offering digital banking services, this book can help you build out that part of your business further by assisting with areas such as: NEW USERS: How can you best encourage your existing customers to adopt online banking? INCREASED USAGE: How can you get your customers to take advantage of the full range of digital services you provide? IMPROVED SYSTEMS: Technology changes with remarkable speed, and users are always looking for ways to make their lives easier and their banking more secure. As the saying goes, "Life moves pretty fast ..." MULTI-CHANNEL BUSINESS NEEDS: How can you seamlessly incorporate your digital banking services with your business model? EMPLOYEE BUY-IN: How can you get your frontline staff to embrace systems they may view as replacing ... frontline staff? Understanding Your System: Most importantly, you need to feel comfortable with digital banking and have a strong sense of where the market is going, what's working, and what isn't. Digital banking is the future of financial institutions. This book will help you get there in simple, actionable steps. Whatever your position in your company, whether you're enthusiastic about sailing forward or still uncertain about stepping off the dock, let's take this journey together.

Where to start? That's where this book comes in. It's a quick and easy read, the tips are simple to implement, and you may even find a little banking humor to help you through the process.