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Deontic Logic in Computer Science

Normative System Specification

Deontic logic originated from moral philosophy and the philosophy of law as an attempt to formalise normative and legal reasoning. This book draws on the experience of researchers - working in fields as diverse as Artificial Intelligence, linguistics, computer system specification and law - who have discovered the benefits of deontic logic when applied to solving computer science and AI problems. A useful logic in which to specify normative system behaviour, deontic logic has a broad spectrum of possible applications within the field: from legal expert systems to natural language processing, database integrity to electronic contracting and the specification of fault-tolerant software. This book provides a unique and timely assessment of the practical value of deontic logic for computer scientists in AI and law and, more particularly, in such areas as distributed AI and intelligent cooperative information systems.

In The First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law , pages 240-251 . ACM , May 1987 . R.M. Chisholm . ... In C. Walter , editor , Computer Power and Legal reasoning , pages 467-493 . West Publishing Co. , 1985 .

Agenda Relevance: A Study in Formal Pragmatics

Agenda Relevance is the first volume in the authors' omnibus investigation of the logic of practical reasoning, under the collective title, A Practical Logic of Cognitive Systems. In this highly original approach, practical reasoning is identified as reasoning performed with comparatively few cognitive assets, including resources such as information, time and computational capacity. Unlike what is proposed in optimization models of human cognition, a practical reasoner lacks perfect information, boundless time and unconstrained access to computational complexity. The practical reasoner is therefore obliged to be a cognitive economizer and to achieve his cognitive ends with considerable efficiency. Accordingly, the practical reasoner avails himself of various scarce-resource compensation strategies. He also possesses neurocognitive traits that abet him in his reasoning tasks. Prominent among these is the practical agent's striking (though not perfect) adeptness at evading irrelevant information and staying on task. On the approach taken here, irrelevancies are impediments to the attainment of cognitive ends. Thus, in its most basic sense, relevant information is cognitively helpful information. Information can then be said to be relevant for a practical reasoner to the extent that it advances or closes some cognitive agenda of his. The book explores this idea with a conceptual detail and nuance not seen the standard semantic, probabilistic and pragmatic approaches to relevance; but wherever possible, the authors seek to integrate alternative conceptions rather than reject them outright. A further attraction of the agenda-relevance approach is the extent to which its principal conceptual findings lend themselves to technically sophisticated re-expression in formal models that marshal the resources of time and action logics and label led deductive systems. Agenda Relevance is necessary reading for researchers in logic, belief dynamics, computer science, AI, psychology and neuroscience, linguistics, argumentation theory, and legal reasoning and forensic science, and will repay study by graduate students and senior undergraduates in these same fields. Key features: . relevance . action and agendas . practical reasoning . belief dynamics . non-classical logics . labelled deductive systems

He also possesses neurocognitive traits that abet him in his reasoning tasks. Prominent among these is the practical agent's striking (though not perfect) adeptness at evading irrelevant information and staying on task.

Logic Programs, Norms and Action

Essays in Honor of Marek J. Sergot on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday

This book is dedicated to Marek Sergot, Professor in Computational Logic at Imperial College London, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Professor Sergot’s scientific contributions range over many different fields. He has developed a series of novel ideas and formal methods bridging areas including artificial intelligence, computational logic, philosophical logic, legal theory, artificial intelligence and law, multi-agent systems and bioinformatics. By combining his background in logic and computing with his interest in the law, deontic logic, action, and related areas, and applying to all his capacity to understand the subtleties of social interaction and normative reasoning, Professor Sergot has opened up new directions of research, and has been a reference, an inspiration, and a model for many researchers in the fields to which he has contributed. The Festschrift includes several reminiscences and introductory essays describing Professor Sergot's achievements, followed by a series of articles on logic programming, temporal reasoning and action languages, artificial intelligence and law, deontic logic and norm-governed systems, and logical approaches to policies.

This book is dedicated to Marek Sergot, Professor in Computational Logic at Imperial College London, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Professor Sergot’s scientific contributions range over many different fields.

Logic Programming '86

Proceedings of the 5th Conference, Tokyo, Japan, June 23-26, 1986

This volume contains the papers presented, and subsequently submitted for publication, at the 5th Logic Programming Conference, held June 23-26, 1986 in Tokyo. Topics covered include Prolog machine architecture, Prolog processors, variations of Prolog language, and applications of Prolog to natural language understanding, and expert systems. Most of the works reported in the volume are related to the Japanese Fifth Generation Computer Project allowing readers to compare results from this project with those from similar projects currently being conducted in other countries.

LEGAL EXPERT SYSTEM LES - 2 H. Yoshino , S. Kagayama , S. Ohta , M. Kitahara , H. Kondoh , M. Nakakawaji ... It was the 1st version of this system and it was developed as a reasoning system for substantial law ( Japanese civil law ) .

Norms, Logics and Information Systems

New Studies in Deontic Logic and Computer Science

This book presents research in an interdisciplinary field, resulting from the vigorous and fruitful cross-pollination between traditional deontic logic and computer science. AI researchers have used deontic logic as one of the tools in modelling legal reasoning. Computer scientists have discovered that computer systems (including their interaction with other computer systems and with human agents) can often be productively modelled as norm-governed. So, for example, deontic logic has been applied by computer scientists for specifying bureaucratic systems, access and security policies, and soft design or integrity constraints, and for modelling fault tolerance. In turn, computer scientists and AI researchers have also discovered (and made it clear to the rest of us) that various formal tools (e.g. nonmonotonic, temporal and dynamic logics) developed in computer science and artificial intelligence have interesting applications to traditional issues in deontic logic. This volume presents some of the best work done in this area, with the selection at once reflecting the general interdisciplinary (and international) character that this area of research has taken on, as well as reflecting the more specific recent inter-disciplinary developments between traditional deontic logic and computer science.

This book presents research in an interdisciplinary field, resulting from the vigorous and fruitful cross-pollination between traditional deontic logic and computer science.

Meta-Programming in Logic

Third International Workshop, META-92, Uppsala, Sweden, June 10-12, 1992. Proceedings

This volume contains lectures and papers delivered at Meta 92, the Third International Workshop on Metaprogramming in Logic, held in Uppsala, Sweden,June 1992. The topics covered include foundations of metaprogramming in logic, proposals for metaprogramming languages, techniques for knowledgerepresentation and belief systems, and program transformation and analysis in logic. Particular topics include belief revision systems, intensionaldeduction, belief systems and metaprogramming, principles of partial deduction, termination in logic programs, semantics of the "vanilla" metainterpreter, a complete resolution method for metaprogramming, semanticsof "demo", hierarchical metalogics, the naming relation in metalevel systems, modules, reflective agents, compiler optimizations, metalogic and object-oriented facilities, parallel logic languages, the use of metaprogramming for legal reasoning, representing objects and inheritance, transformation of normal programs, negation in automatically generated logic programs, reordering of literals in deductive databases, abstract interpretations, and interarguments in constraint logic programs.

This volume contains lectures and papers delivered at Meta 92, the Third International Workshop on Metaprogramming in Logic, held in Uppsala, Sweden,June 1992.

Deontic Logic, Agency and Normative Systems

?EON ’96: Third International Workshop on Deontic Logic in Computer Science, Sesimbra, Portugal, 11 – 13 January 1996

This volume presents a variety of papers bearing on the relation between deontic logics, logics of action, and normative systems, i.e. systems of or about interacting agents (computers, human beings, corporations, etc.) whose behaviour is subject to ideal constraints that may not always be fulfilled in practice. The papers range from theoretical studies of the logical and conceptual tools needed, to studies of various applications. The set of papers collected in this book should be of interest to investigators working in a variety of fields, from philosophy, logic and legal theory to artificial intelligence, computer and management sciences, since it covers topics ranging from theoretical research on foundational issues in deontic and action logics, defeasible reasoning, decision theory, ethical theory, and legal theory, to research on a variety of issues relevant to applications connected with expert systems in the law, document specification, automation of defeasible reasoning, specification of responsibilities and powers in organizations, normative systems specification, confidentiality in database systems, and a host of other applications.

This volume presents a variety of papers bearing on the relation between deontic logics, logics of action, and normative systems, i.e. systems of or about interacting agents (computers, human beings, corporations, etc.) whose behaviour is ...

Model Penelitian Kuantitatif Berbasis SEM-AMOS Pengujian Dan Pengukuran Instrumen

Melakukan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan software SEM sesungguhnya bukanlah pekerjaan rumit, syaratnya hanya sederhana yaitu memiliki kemauan yang kuat, bekerja dengan telaten dan mempraktikkan secara terus menerus. Pengalaman penulis ketika menyusun Disertasi yang disarankan menggunakan analisis SEM, padahal mengenal apa yang dinamakan SEM itu, ketika mengikuti perkuliahan “Metode Penelitian Bisnis”. Beranjak dari pengalaman menggunakan SEM tersebut, penulis menyusun buku ini dengan harapan dapat membantu para mahasiswa dalam menyusun skripsi, tesis dan disertasi. Buku ini disusun dengan pendekatan dan sistematika yang praktis, memberikan contoh lengkap dari hasil penelitian yang telah teruji. Sehingga materi buku sangat cocok bagi mahasiswa pemula pengguna SEM, atau bagi penelitian serta bagi yang ingin membuat laporan penelitian. Buku ini mencoba mengimplementasikan antara bab tentang “Metode Penelitian” yang dihubungkan dengan bab tentang “Analisis dan Pembahasan”. Membahas teori dan metode penelitian melalui pembahasan output SEM-Amos, maupun persoalan yang berhubungan dengan kendala yang dihadapi peneliti dalam menganalisis data melalui program SEM-Amos. Model Penelitian Kuantitatif Berbasis SEM-AMOS Pengujian Dan Pengukuran Instrumen ini diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Deepublish dan tersedia juga dalam versi cetak.

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Book chapter ini disusun oleh sejumlah akademisi dan praktisi sesuai dengan kepakarannya masing-masing. Buku ini diharapkan dapat hadir memberi kontribusi positif dalam ilmu pengetahuan khususnya terkait dalam bidang Ilmu Komunikasi dan Informasi & Transaksi Elektronik. Sistematika buku Ilmu Komunikasi dan Informasi & Transaksi Elektronik ini mengacu pada pendekatan konsep teoritis dan contoh penerapan. Oleh karena itu diharapkan book chapter ini dapat menjawab tantangan dan persoalan dalam sistem pengajaran baik di perguruan tinggi dan sejenis lainnya.

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