Sebanyak 3 item atau buku ditemukan

Dynamic Interpretation in International Criminal Law

Striking a Balance between Stability and Change

The interpretive process in International Criminal Law (›ICL‹) is characterised by a conflict between the requirements for stability and change. On the one hand, ICL provides for the ›criminal‹ responsibility of individuals. Thus, there is an enhanced requirement for legal certainty: According to the principle of legality, the addressee of the law must be able to identify the prohibited conduct in advance in order to be able to avoid criminal sanctions. On the other hand, however, ICL forms part of ›international‹ law. Hence, it derives to some extent from international treaties. Whereas the forms of criminal conduct are continuously evolving, treaties are rather static instruments – they cannot be adapted to a changing environment within a short period of time. Thus, reality is developing at a pace that the law cannot always match. In consequence, there is a certain need to account for evolving circumstances within the framework of interpretation. The aim of this book is to review the consequences of this conflict for the interpretation of ICL. How can the conflicting requirements be brought into balance? Can substantive rules of ICL be interpreted in a ›dynamic‹ fashion to the detriment of the accused without violating the principle of legality? How do international criminal courts and tribunals deal with this issue?

In consequence, there is a certain need to account for evolving circumstances within the framework of interpretation. The aim of this book is to review the consequences of this conflict for the interpretation of ICL.

Challenges of Copyright in the Digital Age

Comparison of the Implementation of the EU Legistlation in Germany and Armenia

The adaption of copyright law to the digital age is currently one of the EU’s main concerns regarding intellectual property. This thesis analyses whether European legislation in this field can be successfully implemented in the same way in countries with different levels of development. Taking the examples of Germany and Armenia will help to evaluate the problems of developed and transition countries concerning the challenges of copyright in the digital age. The comparison between these two countries shows that a one-size-fits-all-approach is not appropriate in the digital environment. The socio-economic situation and the legal environment of transition countries call for a different solution. In this respect the example of Armenia may be instructive for other transition countries as well, especially CIS countries. A recommendation for adopting a certain system for drafting European legislation in the future which will meet the needs of all countries, considering their social, economic and legal situation, has been developed in this thesis.

For example, the idea/expression dichotomy shows the basic rule of freedom of expression and information that ideas are “free as the air for common use.”368 Private copying exceptions have their foundations in a mixture of concurring ...