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The Political Economy of Wasta

Use and Abuse of Social Capital Networking

The term "wasta " stems from the Arabic root for middle or medium' and describes the phenomenon of using connections to find job, government services or other favors to circumvent bureaucracy or bypass the system as a whole. The effects of "wasta " may be both positive or negative, and is not a phenomenon that is particular to the Arab or Muslim world, but also to many other cultures and regions of the world, with similar concepts popularly known as "ubuntu, guanxi, harambee, naoberschop, "or" old boy network " used in African, Chinese and European societies. By its very nature "wasta " is an area of grey or even black information, and, like corruption to which it is most often associated, is hard to assess although country corruption perception indexes attempt to provide a quantifiable basis. In the final analysis such ratings are based on "perceptions" of corruption, and this perception may vary strongly depending on different societal structures and cultural modes, whether these are extended family systems, tribal, clans or more atomized societies where relationships are essentially transactional and rule based. Ina western perspective where wasta may be considered as a form of corruption, in other societies it may be perceived as something natural and not criminal, and using one's'wasta ' in tribal societies to help clan members is seen as a duty. The difference stems from the 'innocent ' use of "'wasta' "to make introductions, as opposed to its abuse in placing unqualified persons in positions .The volume brings together academics and professional experts to examine a range of multi-faceted social, economic and political issues raised by the use and abuse of social networking, covering various topics like: "" wasta "interpersonal connections in family and business ties, ""The relationship between inequality-adjusted human development and corruption perception indexes in the Gulf region, """ wasta "and business networking, assessing the economic cost of wasta, "" wasta and its impact on quality oriented education reform and the perceptions of young people, ""The use of wasta to overcome socio-cultural barriers for women and men" The volume also offers insights into social relations and ethics, and how the use of "wasta " contradicts with common held religious principles, along with some country studies on Islamic principles and the use of" wasta ." Mohamed Ramady is a Visiting Associate Professor, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia. "

In the final analysis such ratings are based on perceptions of corruption, and this perception may vary strongly depending on different societal structures and cultural modes, whether these are extended family systems, tribal, clans or more ...

The Political Economy of Muslim Countries

The book looks in detail at the economic conditions of Muslim countries specifically, offering a thorough political analysis at the same time. It focuses on a broad range of economic factors and takes into consideration reports such as the World Development Index. It explores striking differences and similarities among carefully chosen Muslim countries. Mainly because of its broad use of different disciplines, it will be of interest to students of political science, economics and history.

The book looks in detail at the economic conditions of Muslim countries specifically, offering a thorough political analysis at the same time.

Origins of the European Economy

Communications and Commerce AD 300-900

For fifty years debate has raged about early European commerce during the period between antiquity and the middle ages. Was there trade? If so, in what - and with whom? New evidence and new ways of looking at old evidence are now breaking the stalemate. Analysis of communications - the movements of people, ideas and things - is transforming our vision of Europe and the Mediterranean in the age of Charlemagne and Harun al Rashid. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the economic transition during this period for over sixty years. Using new materials and new methodology, it will attract all social and economic historians of antiquity and the middle ages, and anyone concerned with the origins of Europe, the history of the slave trade, medicine and disease, cross-cultural contacts, and the Muslim and Byzantine worlds.

This is the first comprehensive analysis of the economic transition during this period for over sixty years.

Political Economy, Values and Innovation

Such approaches have provided stability, which in turn has brought unprecedented growth to the sector._x000B__x000B_The studies in this volume focus on examples in the GCC countries to provide empirical analysis of the risk aspects of ...

Muslim Piety as Economy

Markets, Meaning and Morality in Southeast Asia

The first volume to explore Muslim piety as a form of economy, this book examines specific forms of production, trade, regulation, consumption, entrepreneurship and science that condition – and are themselves conditioned by – Islamic values, logics and politics. With a focus on Southeast Asia as a site of significant and diverse integration of Islam and the economy – as well as the incompatibilities that can occur between the two – it reveals the production of a Muslim piety as an economy in its own right. Interdisciplinary in nature and based on in-depth empirical studies, the book considers issues such as the Qur’anic prohibition of corruption and anti-corruption reforms; the emergence of the Islamic economy under colonialism; ‘halal’ or ‘lawful’ production, trade, regulation and consumption; modesty in Islamic fashion marketing communications; and financialisation, consumerism and housing. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology and religious studies with interests in Islam and Southeast Asia.

The first volume to explore Muslim piety as a form of economy, this book examines specific forms of production, trade, regulation, consumption, entrepreneurship and science that condition – and are themselves conditioned by – Islamic ...

Islamic Finance and Global Capitalism

An Alternative to the Market Economy

This book examines whether Islamic finance and Islamic economics is challenging the orthodoxy of the money markets. Can ethical finance combined with the prohibition on interest and speculation really work in the global economy? With a political economy approach, the book explores how the industry has grown in modern times - from a short-lived bank in an Egyptian city in the 1960s through to a global industry that is today valued at US$2.05 trillion. From the revelation as articulated by the Prophet Muhammed in the seventh century through to the gleaming 21st century skyscrapers of Dubai and Kuala Lumpur, the book covers the end of European colonialism, the controversial utterances of self-styled religious leaders, the impact of Islamophobia, and the efforts to end poverty through Islamic microfinance. The book uncovers an industry that is both profitable and changing the face of contemporary capitalism. James Simon Watkins is a Lecturer at Regent's University London, UK. He was the Political Adviser at the Embassy of Japan in London and he has worked in the UK Houses of Parliament. He was the Chief Executive of a business group and was a UK Labour Party candidate for the 2014 European Parliament election.

The book uncovers an industry that is both profitable and changing the face of contemporary capitalism. This book examines whether Islamic finance and Islamic economics is challenging the orthodoxy of the money markets.

Central Asia and the New Global Economy: Critical Problems, Critical Choices

Critical Problems, Critical Choices

Central Asia's new states have been buffeted by financial ill winds from East Asia and Russia and by Islamic revolutionary movements from the south. In the context of widespread and deepening impoverishment, endemic corruption, gaping inequalities, and external pressures to undertake difficult reforms, economic crisis threatens to expand into profoundly destabilizing social and political crises as well.This volume analyzes the geopolitical and macroeconomic situation of Central Asia, local policy responses to the current crisis, and alternative scenarios for the foreseeable future. It devotes particular attention to Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Beyond the immediate case, the book focuses on policy measures and institutional improvements that could most directly impact the capacity of economies in the region to adapt to the globalization process.

In the context of widespread and deepening impoverishment, endemic corruption, gaping inequalities, and external pressures to undertake difficult reforms, economic crisis threatens to expand into profoundly destabilizing social and ...

Recent Department of Education Publications in ERIC

Abstract : This book shows how Deming's Total Quality Management ( TQM ) theory for organizational management can be integrated with the effective - schools literature . ( 21 references ) ( LMI ) ERIC No .

Education Policy Analysis

Liberal Studies and National Education in Hong Kong

This book reports on a five-year longitudinal study of the policy relating to the introduction of Liberal Studies, which was developed as an interdisciplinary curriculum in the New Senior Secondary (NSS) academic structure in post-colonial Hong Kong. It also examines the implementation of Moral and National Education, which has become one of the most recent controversial issues in Hong Kong’s education policy. Adopting a cross-subject perspective, it concludes by illustrating the roles of Liberal Studies and Moral and National Education in strengthening multi-disciplinary learning and citizenship education in the NSS academic structure.

Studies. Curriculum. Policy. Our primary source of data is three studies conducted at different times: a five-year longitudinal study carried out before the reintroduction of Liberal Studies (2004– 2009), a follow-up investigation three ...