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Logic, Argumentation and Interpretation

Proceedings of the 22nd IVR World Congress, Granada 2005, Volume V

The volume is divided into five sections. In the first chapter entitled aTheory of argumentationo, contributors debate the idea of a rational modification of beliefs as the basis of rational consensus, the G nther-Alexy debate, Opocher's conception of justice which is taken from a descriptive level to an argumentative one, truth in the field of rhetoric and judicial argumentation as well as sincerity as a necessary condition for effectiveness in legal argumentation. Further sections deal with oAnalysis and representation of argumentso, oContextualized judicial argumentso, oNorms and interpretationso and finally a section on oLogico with contributions on the stit theory and logic problems in the formalization and representation of legal knowledge in constructing an expert system. Contents I. Theory of Argumentation / Teoria de la argumentacion: Jose Manuel Cabra Apalategui: Discurso, racionalidad y persuasion Peng-Hsiang Wang: Coherence and Revision. Critical Remarks on G nther-Alexy Debate Maurizio Manzin: Justice, Argumentation and Truth in Legal Reasoning. In Memory of Enrico Opocher (1914-2004) Federico Puppo: The Problem of Truth in Judicial Argumentation C.E. Smith: Sincerity in Legal Argumentation Theory II. Analysis and Representation of Argumentation /Analisis y representacion de argumentos: Eveline T. Feteris: The Rational Reconstruction of Teleological-Evaluative Arguments Harm Kloosterhuis: Ad Absurdum Arguments in Legal Decisions G nther Kreuzbauer: Visualization of Legal Argumentation III. Contextualized Judicial Argumentation /Argumentacion judicial contextualizada: Marko Novak: Limiting Courts: Towards Greater Consistency of Adjudication in the Civil Law System Sonia Esperanza Rodriguez Boente: Los principios generales del Derecho en la argumentacion juridica Thomas da Rosa de Bustamante / Denis Franco Silva: Prospective Overruling: Why and How it Should be Applied (The example of the Brazilian Legal Systen) Stanislovas Tomas: Theory of Judicial Shamanism Derk Venema: Formalism and Non-formalism in Occupied Holland and Belgium 1940-1945 IV. Norms and Interpretation / Normas e interpretacion: Jaap Hage: Why Norms are not Imperatives Raymundo Gama Leyva: Some ideas about the nature of presumption rules Josep Aguilo-Regla: On presumptions and Legal Argumentation Marijan Pavcnik: Constitutional Interpretation V. Logic / Logica Mateusz Klinowski: Theory of Action on a Tree Jose Pedro Ubeda Rives: Problemas que el Derecho plantea a la logica.

The volume is divided into five sections.

Deontic Logic, Agency and Normative Systems

?EON ’96: Third International Workshop on Deontic Logic in Computer Science, Sesimbra, Portugal, 11 – 13 January 1996

This volume presents a variety of papers bearing on the relation between deontic logics, logics of action, and normative systems, i.e. systems of or about interacting agents (computers, human beings, corporations, etc.) whose behaviour is subject to ideal constraints that may not always be fulfilled in practice. The papers range from theoretical studies of the logical and conceptual tools needed, to studies of various applications. The set of papers collected in this book should be of interest to investigators working in a variety of fields, from philosophy, logic and legal theory to artificial intelligence, computer and management sciences, since it covers topics ranging from theoretical research on foundational issues in deontic and action logics, defeasible reasoning, decision theory, ethical theory, and legal theory, to research on a variety of issues relevant to applications connected with expert systems in the law, document specification, automation of defeasible reasoning, specification of responsibilities and powers in organizations, normative systems specification, confidentiality in database systems, and a host of other applications.

This volume presents a variety of papers bearing on the relation between deontic logics, logics of action, and normative systems, i.e. systems of or about interacting agents (computers, human beings, corporations, etc.) whose behaviour is ...

Law and Logic

A Critical Account of Legal Argument

This book has two related aims: to investigate the frequently voiced claim that legal argument is nonformal in nature and, within the limits of such an investigation, to ascertain the most general proper ties of law as a rational system. Examination of a number of views of legal argument, selected from recent discussions in Germany, Belgium, and the English-speaking countries, will lead to the follow ing main conclusions. The nonformalistic conceptions of the logic of legal argument are ambiguous and unclear. Moreover, insofar as these conceptions are capable of clarification in the light of recent analytical methodology, they can be seen to be either mistaken or else compatible with the formalistic position. Because law is socially directive and coordinative, it is dependent upon theoretical psycho sociology and calls, in principle, for a deontic and inductive logic. The primary function of legal argument is to provide continuing reinterpretation and confirmation of legal rules, conceived as theo retical prescriptions. On the basis of this conception, the old juris prudential conflict between formalism and rule-scepticism appears substantially resolved. Aristotle, the founder of the theory of argument, conceived it as "the science of establishing conclusions" (bnO'l;~fl'YJ &no~e!"u,,~), designed to guide people in rational argumentation. In time, how ever, logic forsook its practical function and developed as a highly abstract and disinterested study, today called "formal logic"; and the theory of practical argument was either neglected or relegated to an appendix to rhetoric.

This book has two related aims: to investigate the frequently voiced claim that legal argument is nonformal in nature and, within the limits of such an investigation, to ascertain the most general proper ties of law as a rational system.

Premises and Conclusions

Symbolic Logic for Legal Analysis

This solidly written book explains the elements of contemporary symbolic logic, and examines the ways in which it illuminates the structure of legal reasoning and clarifies various legal problems. Offering a clear and succinct presentation of standard propositional and predicate logic, it presents the elements of standard logic and applies those techniques to legal materials. It covers the use of standard logic in legal argument, including the denial or distinguishing of premises and the rules of pleading, and makes extensive use of legal materials, cases and statutes, in both examples and exercises. Readers are also given strategies for handling major legal problems in standard logic, including ways for treating conditions contrary to fact, necessary and sufficient conditions, result within the risk, and intent. For logicians and philosophers of law.

This solidly written book explains the elements of contemporary symbolic logic, and examines the ways in which it illuminates the structure of legal reasoning and clarifies various legal problems.

Logic for Lawyers

A Guide to Clear Legal Thinking

This book tackles the basics of legal reasoning in twelve chapters, including the principles of classic logic, deductive and inductive reasoning, application of the Socratic method to legal reasoning, and formal and material fallacies.

This book tackles the basics of legal reasoning in twelve chapters, including the principles of classic logic, deductive and inductive reasoning, application of the Socratic method to legal reasoning, and formal and material fallacies.

Legal Reasoning and Briefing

Logic Applied to the Preparation, Trial and Appeal of Cases, with Illustrative Briefs and Forms

Legal Reasoning and Briefing; Logic Applied to the Preparation, Trial and Appeal of Cases, with Illustrative Briefs and Forms

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1917 edition. Excerpt: ...if the former be selected it will involve the defense of the "fellow servant rule," while if the latter, no such opposition is possible. Or if compelled to admit the negligence of the engineer he might still avert the "fellow servant rule" by advancing the theory that the engineer as a part of the equipment of the road was selected by the company without a due regard for his competency. Or again the theory may favor a breach of contract rather than a case of fraud, but the further element of doubt is whether the action will lie more successfully upon the ground of breach of the main contract or breach of warranty. Again, an action for damages for trespass to land may succeed if brought in one county, but fail if brought in another, while an action upon the same set of facts may be brought in one court, but not in another, where their jurisdiction is not concurrent. So also this question of detail would arise in an action brought to recover back money paid on a contract with a corporation, as to whether the theory of the case should hold the contract to be malum in se, malum prohibitum, or simply ultra vires. For in the former the court would refuse to grant a remedy, in the second the question of statute would be imperative, and in the latter the matter of notice might be determinate. In such a manner innumerable details affecting the various species of action are the final cruces upon which cases turn, and no theory is complete which stops with the selection of not only a possible, but the best species of action, but must add to this such particularity of detail as will insure a successful outcome. The Use of H yfiothcses. The theory of the case most likely to prove successful, having now been evolved by a process...

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1917 edition.

Hukum Ekonomi Syariah

Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah atau Hukum Bisnis Syari’ah dewasa ini menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diperbincangkan. Perkembangan perbankan syari’ah yang cepat disinyalir sebagai pemicu geliat ekonomi syari’ah di Indonesia. Sehingga masyarakat Indonesia dewasa ini telah akrab dengan penerapan Hukum Islam pada beberapa transaksi ekonomi yang mereka lakukan. Sejatinya penerapan Hukum Islam di Indonesia telah terjadi jauh sebelum Belanda menduduki Indonesia. Hadirnya kerjaan-kerajaan Islam yang menggantikan kerajaan Hindu/Budha inilah yang menerapkan dan menjadikan Hukum Islam sebagai Hukum Positif saat itu. Mengawali perkembangan penerapan Hukum Islam khususnya dalam transaksi Ekonomi yakni penerapan Hukum Islam pada perbankan syari’ah. Krisis ekonomi yang terjadi di Indonesia telah membuktikan ketangguhan bank syari’ah yang tetap bertahan dan mempunyai tingkat kesehatan yang baik di tengah kolapsnya bank-bank konvensional yang ada di Indonesia. Hal ini menimbulkan minat masyarakat untuk menggunakan perbankan syari’ah sehingga dalam jangka waktu dua tahun setelah krisis, asset dari perbankan syari’ah naik dua kali lipat. Selain itu posisi perbankan syari’ah menjadi lebih kuat dengan keluarnya fatwa DSN-MUI yang mengukuhkan haram terhadap bunga bank. Saat ini, perbankan syari’ah mengalami perkembangan yang cukup signifikan, marger tiga bank umum syari’ah setidaknya menjadi bukti bahwa Pemerintah pun tidak main-main dalam memberikan dukungan terhadap perkembangan perbankan di Indonesia. Segala hal pembahasan mengenai isu kontemporer perkembangan perbankan syari’ah menjadi pembahasan yang menarik, baik di wilayah akademisi maupun praktisi. Pada tataran akad misalnya, baik akademisi maupun praktisi berusaha untuk mencari solusi agar segala trasaksi yang terjadi di dunia perbankan tidak mengandung unsur gharar, maisir, judi, riba, dan lain-lain. Sehingga titik tekan yang perlu dijadikan pembahasan adalah pada unsur akad. Akad dalam perbankan syari’ah terus dipelajari dan dikembangkan sehingga melahirkan istilah hybrid kontrak atau multi akad yang terus menjadi kajian bagi kaum ekonom syair’ah untuk dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan penerapan akad di perbankan syari’ah. Saat ini perbankan syari’ah kembali diuji ketahannya, utamanya dalam menghadapi wabah covid-19 dan perkembangan era digital yang mengharuskan bank juga melakukan pelayanan secara digital. Tuntutan digitalisasi perbankan saat ini tidak bisa dinafikan. Kebutuhan masyarakat akan kecepatan layanan khususnya bagi mereka yang memiliki gurita bisnis online sangat dibutuhkan. Pada akhirnya, mau tidak mau perbankan syari’ah harus bertransformasi menjadi bank digital. Hal ini tentunya dapat menjadi peluang dan tantangan bisnis bank digital di Indonesia. Urgensi proses transformasi perbankan juga didorong oleh bermunculnya pesaing baru, yaitu perusahaan penyedia jasa keuangan non perbankan atau biasa disebut fintech (Finacial Teknologi). Bisnis fintech mulai menggerus layanan perbankan karena berbagai kemudahan yang ditawarkan tanpa birokrasi yang rumit. Di Indonesia saat ini model bisnis e-commerce telah berkembang, tidak hanya disektor ritel atau pasar untuk produk, tetapi juga berkembang pada layanan transportasi, seperti Go-jek, Uber, Grab, layanan keuangan seperti modalku dan Uang Teman. Layanan keuangan ini merupakan bagian FinTech. Keberadaan dan perkembangan FinTech didukung oelh inovasi teknologi di bidang, cloud computing, learning machines, digital&mobile payment, block chain distributed lodgers dan big data. Di Indonesia layanan FinTech yang saat ini sedang berkembang di bedakan ke dalam beberapa kelompok, yaitu payment sistem, digital banking, online / digital insurance, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Leanding dan Crowdfunding. Berdasarkan data Bank Indonesia, saat ini terdapat 96 perusahaan FinTech yang beroperasi di Indonesia. Salah satu layanan fintech di Indonesia adalah P2P Leanding dan crowdfunding. Keduanya merupakan salah satu instrument investasi yang bisa masyarakat pilih sebagai protofolio investasinya. Dunia investasi juga mengalami perkembangan yang cukup signifikan sejalan dengan perkembangan fintech dan ekonomi syari’ah di Indonesia. Sebut saja saat ini bermunculan instrument investasi salah satunya Investasi di Pasar Modal. Jika dulu pasar modal hanya ada pada tataran regular saja, namun sekarang merambah ke pasar modal syari’ah. Pemerintah dalam hal ini pun memberikan dukungan penuh. Beberapa model investasi dikolaborasikan dengan Lembaga filantropi Islam yang bergerak dibidang Zakat, Infaq, Shodakoh dan Wakaf. Salah satu diantaranya adalah Cash Waqaf Link Sukuk, ini merupakan salah satu peluang dalam industri perwakafan yang ada di Indonesia. Instrumen investasi melalui fintech memang banyak diminati oleh generasi milenial, namun demikian bagi UMKM yang masih kesulitan dalam akses internet misalnya tentunya ini menjadi pekerjaan rumah tersendiri. Bagaimana kemudian Pemerintah terkait mampu mensosialisasikan kemudahan fintech sebagai alternatif pembiayaan bagi UMKM. Terlebih menghadapi masa pandemi, permodalan menjadi permasalahan yang utama bagi pelaku UMKM. Beberapa stimulus juga harus diberikan oleh Pemerintah sebagai pendorong geliat potensi UMKM dalam perkembangan ekonomi pasca pandemi, sehingga kedepannya UMKM dapat menjadi salah satu pendorong ekonomi Negara yang Tangguh.

Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah atau Hukum Bisnis Syari’ah dewasa ini menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diperbincangkan.

To Rise Above Principle

The Memoirs of an Unreconstructed Dean

Describes the dean's role in tenure decisions, budgeting, affirmative action, and handling faculty demands, and shares a humorous look at academic life

Describes the dean's role in tenure decisions, budgeting, affirmative action, and handling faculty demands, and shares a humorous look at academic life

Bruno, or On the Natural and Divine Principle of Things

Makes Schelling's dialogue Bruno readily accessible to the English-language reader, with valuable commentary on the work itself, which details Schelling's account of his differences from Fichte.

Makes Schelling's dialogue Bruno readily accessible to the English-language reader, with valuable commentary on the work itself, which details Schelling's account of his differences from Fichte.