Sebanyak 64 item atau buku ditemukan

A comparison of management styles in China and Germany

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,9, University of Cooperative Education Villingen-Schwenningen, language: English, abstract: In the following paper, important factors necessary to excel in international management with a clear focus on China will be discussed, while drawing a comparison to Germany. Throughout the examination, the way of approaching the Chinese market is described. Afterwards, culture is considered with relevant factors like power distance and the leader-follower relationship. Then, values are described with important topics like the decision making processes, meetings and negotiations and conflicts. Afterwards, key factors to success will be mentioned, including personal relationships and the feedback culture. Before drawing a conclusion, challenges likely to occur will be mentioned. Due to the increasing importance of globalization and the emergence of many competitors, management structures have become dramatically different in China. Behaviors, dynamics and team conformations change rapidly, requiring organizations to react respectively to stay competitive. Managers face the challenge to compromise different cultures within the workplace. Practical management techniques of one country cannot be easily adapted in another. They differ greatly depending on the culture. To what extent the organization benefits from a culturally diverse workforce is controversial. National values and culture are the biggest obstacle when it comes to achieving management excellence. It requires culture proficiency and responsiveness to meaningful differences in the working environment. But also other factors like the organization’s strategy, economic conditions or the labor market of the host country have an influence on how management practices should be applied. Thus, developing the ability to manage in a cross-cultural context is a prerequisite in doing business successfully in today’s world.

Managers face the challenge to compromise different cultures within the workplace. Practical management techniques of one country cannot be easily adapted in another. They differ greatly depending on the culture.

The European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve System - a general comparison

Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,0, Cologne University of Applied Sciences, course: Effective Environmental Scanning, language: English, abstract: Since the foundation of the European currency union in 1998, the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve System represent the most influential two central banks in the world. In this comparison their general structure, tasks and objectives and monetary policy instruments are contrasted. The institutions and bodies of the banks are explained in the second chapter, to see the structural differences. While the ECB defined price stability as its primary objective, the Fed has several equal objectives. These objectives and further tasks of the central banks are described in the third chapter. To steer and implement their objectives and tasks, the central banks have monetary policy instruments at disposal, whereas open market operations and the minimum reserve system play a key role. These instruments are explained in chapter 4 in general and their arrangement and implementation at the example of the ECB. Then the Feds corresponding instruments are contrasted with the ECB, because in my opinion the ECB has a role model position, in this context. Then follows an elaboration of the instruments standing facilities and discount policy. These instruments are examined in two separate subchapters, due to the fact that the implementation of these instruments is only made by the ECB or the Fed. In the last part I examined the reactions of the ECB and the Fed to compensate the risks of the current financial crisis. The attention is directed to the evaluation of the quality and effectiveness of the implemented monetary policy instruments. At the end the results are summarized.

Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,0, Cologne University of Applied Sciences, course: Effective Environmental Scanning, language: English, abstract: ...

Unconventional Monetary Policy in Practice. A Comparison of 'Quantitative Easing' in Japan and the USA

Diploma Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1, University of Vienna, language: English, abstract: In the current economic and financial crisis, many western central banks introduced “unconventional” monetary policy measures, commonly referred to as “Quantitative Easing (QE)”. However, the Bank of Japan (BoJ) already applied QE between 2001 and 2006. This lead many commentators to make oversimplifying comparisons between the BoJ’s QE approach (2001-2006) and current implementations of QE by other central banks. In particular, this diploma thesis tries to examine the differences between BoJ-type QE and Fedtype QE. It turns out that both approaches differ fundamentally from each other on various grounds: The primary aim of QE in Japan was fighting deflation, whereas the American central bank addresses mostly strains in the banking system. Concerning the concrete measures, one can say that QE by the BoJ consisted to a good deal of active QE in terms of outright purchases of Japanese government securities (JGBs), whereas the Fed currently follows a somewhat broader approach: Since interbank markets are not functioning as desired, it tries to engage with as many market participants as direct as possible. Therefore the Fed has introduced a much broader range of new instruments than its Japanese counterpart did between 2001 and 2006. As a result, the Fed’s balance sheet expansion was considerably larger than the one in Japan.

Diploma Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1, University of Vienna, language: English, abstract: In the current economic and financial crisis, many western central banks introduced “unconventional” ...

Future Challenges of Teacher Education and Remedial Tips

Academic Paper from the year 2023 in the subject Pedagogy - The Teacher, Educational Leadership, , language: English, abstract: The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund suggested that one of the goals to be achieved by progressive nations by 2030 should include investment in teacher education. Teacher education is a training specifically designed for people who want to enter the teaching profession. The program teaches the ethical pedagogies, policies, and programs of the teaching profession. This paper examines the challenges facing the teacher education program, including internship training for student-teachers, student admission procedures, teacher recruitment, appointment and probationary, parental pressure, dwindling resources, extended work hours, disciplinary measures, community interference, time management, knowledge of student learning difficulties, understanding of instructional methods, poor communication, principal/owner pressure, cyberbullying, student-teacher fellowship program, teacher salaries and conditions of service. The paper also suggests possible remedial tips for the challenges encountered in teacher education programs.

Academic Paper from the year 2023 in the subject Pedagogy - The Teacher, Educational Leadership, , language: English, abstract: The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund suggested that one of the goals to be achieved by ...

Affecting the audience through motion pictures: The cinematography of 'Amores Perros'

Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Film Science, grade: 1,7, University of London, course: Latin American Cinema, language: English, abstract: Amores Perros (2000) is the first feature film of Mexican Filmmaker Alejandro González Iñárritu. Released in 2000 at the Cannes Film Festival, the movie won the Prize of the Critic's Week at Cannes. It was the first Mexican film after 25 years that entered an Oscar competition. By referring to specialist magazine Cine XS (Flores-Durán and Pedroza, 2000) Paul Julian Smith explains that ‘Amores Perros is representative of a ‘new trend’ in Mexican cinema’ (Smith, 2003, p. 25). The film not only won a lot of prizes at international film festivals, it was also very successful at the box offices. It earned $ 10 million in Mexico, $ 5 million in the US and $20 million worldwide (Smith, 2003, p. 13). ‘The critical and commercial success of González Iñárritu’s film comes at a time when the Mexican film industry appears to be going through its worst period since the early 1930s’ (D’Lugo, 2003, p. 221). But what makes this film so successful? The brilliant narration, the strong soundtrack, the outstanding cinematography and special marketing strategies could be factors for its success. The cinematic and editing techniques used in this movie are very different from films of former Latin American filmmakers. In this essay, I would like to concentrate on the cinematography of Amores Perros and analyse how it creates meaning and supports the story and the characters. I will start with general information about the movie and sum up the plot very briefly. After that, I will begin the analysis of the cinematography and give some background information about the production. Firstly, I want to give some general information about the specific cinematographic techniques used in Amores Perros and then I would like to analyse several sequences more properly. The opening sequence will be analysed accurately, then I concentrate on several key-scenes.

In this essay, I would like to concentrate on the cinematography of Amores Perros and analyse how it creates meaning and supports the story and the characters.

Financial regulation through new liquidity standards and implications for institutional banks

Basel III

Master's Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, University of Applied Sciences Essen, course: General economics, language: English, abstract: The global financial crisis which began in mid-2007 revealed the significant risks posed by large, complex and interconnected institutions and the fault-lines in the regulatory and oversight systems. The drying up of market liquidity caused lacks of funding for financial institutions and their reactions to the market stress increased the market tensions which highlighted the strong link between banks funding liquidity and market liquidity. Over the past two decades preceding the crisis, banks in advanced countries significantly expanded in size and increased their outreach globally. In many cases, they moved away from the traditional banking model towards globally active large and complex financial institutions. The majority of cross-border finance was intermediated by some of these institutions with growing interconnections within and across borders. The result were trends in the banking industry which include a sharp rise in leverage, significant reliance on short-term funding, significant off-balance sheet activities, maturity mismatches and increased share of revenues from complex products and trading activities. This development has moved on to a systematic risk and it has been identified a need in the financial sector to measure those aspects, to assess the resilience of the financial sector to liquidity shocks and give guidance to the policy of central banks and regulators. At the same time, the financial industry has started a fast process of consolidation worldwide. Regulators, organized in the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) have responded to the financial crisis by proposing new regulation which is known as “Basel III”. The reform program leads to fundamental changes and implements capital and liquidity reforms. The liquidity reform represents the first attempt by international regulators to introduce harmonized liquidity minimum standards for financial institutions. Extensive efforts through the Basel Committee, with the “Basel III” program, are being considered internationally and domestically to revise these deficiencies and failures, in order to safeguard the stability of the financial system. The key objective is to promote a less leveraged, less risky, and thus a more resilient financial system that supports strong and sustainable economic growth. The bulk of the proposals have focused on revising existing regulations applicable to financial institutions and to influence the extent and consequences of their risk taking.

Master's Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, University of Applied Sciences Essen, course: General economics, language: English, abstract: The global financial ...

International Banks and the Rise of financial Derivatives

Essay from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,9 (B+), Oxford Brookes University (Business School), course: Practise of International Banking, 21 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Derivatives trading is now the world's biggest business, with an estimated daily turnover of over US$2.5 trillion and an annual growth rate of around 14 per cent (Swan, 1999). Derivatives markets have ancient origins, and a long and complex history of trading and regulation. This work examines the history of derivatives and their impacts on the structure of international banks in order to show the implications of modern international banking in comparison to domestic banking. Mishkin (2003) describes banks as financial institutions that accept deposits and grant loans. In this definition banks are the financial intermediaries that the average person contacts most frequently for its financial dispositions, savings, investments and payments. The structure of a bank therefore seems to be adjusted to the purpose of its business activity. Mishkins traditional definition of a bank includes to those financial institutions we refer to as mutual savings banks, savings and loan associations, commercial banks and credit unions. Their traditional core business is to provide the settlement of national payments and to transform funds from savers over time as well as to process market information (Canals, 1997). They focus on domestic or regional, eventually even local markets and realize their profits from interest margins and balance sheet activities. Therefore they employ an asset- and liability management in order to avoid liquidity and credit risks.

This work examines the history of derivatives and their impacts on the structure of international banks in order to show the implications of modern international banking in comparison to domestic banking.

Strategies for Western Banks to Survive in Islamic Finance Environment

Research Paper from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, , language: English, abstract: The current rapid growth rate of Islamic banking in the world market has made the banking approach a significant contributor to economic growth. However, few studies have been done to determine the extent to which conventional banks can survive in an Islamic banking environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the financial performance of financial institutions and relate it to their involvement in Islamic banking. The study took an explorative and a quantitative approach, whereby literature was acquired from online sources for use in assessing the current state of knowledge, and financial performance data for Citigroup, Deutsche Bank, HSBC, Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs were acquired from Bloomberg BusinessWeek. The literature was reviewed in the literature review section while financial performance records were assessed using Microsoft Excel 2011 software package. The study findings determined that conventional banks have varying degrees of success in their Islamic banking ventures, whereby high levels of fluctuations characterize the institutions’ financial records. According to the exponential growth of Goldman Sachs in 2012 upon the issuance of sukuks, it is relatively easy for conventional banks to achieve growth through offering of Islamic banking products. However, according to the study findings, Islamic banking is not suitable for banks that want to achieve consistency in exponential growth, but is highly relevant for institutions that want to remain stable in their financial performance despite changes in market conditions.

The literature was reviewed in the literature review section while financial performance records were assessed using Microsoft Excel 2011 software package.

Möglichkeiten von elektronischen Finanzdienstleistern. E-Banking, E-Trading, E-Insurance

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich BWL - Bank, Börse, Versicherung, Note: 1,3, Verwaltungs- und Wirtschafts-Akademie, Gießen, 110 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der Übergang von der Industriegesellschaft zur Informationsgesellschaft ist in vollem Gange und eröffnet uns eine Fülle von Möglichkeiten der aktiven Teilhabe auf verschiedensten Ebenen. Beispiele sind die elektronische Steuererklärung (ELSTER) und Plattformen für die Vergabe öffentlicher Aufträge. Auch die Finanzdienstleistungsbranche ist durch das rasante Wachstum der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie einem starken Wandel unterzogen. Die Vielseitigkeit des Kanalvertriebes, verändertes Kundenverhalten, neue Wettbewerber und weitere Faktoren bedrohen gerade im Bereich der Banken die Kunde-Bank-Beziehung. Die Distributionskanäle der Anbieter können zwar durch das Medium Internet weiter ergänzt werden, dafür sind aber durch die gegebene Transparenz im Internet die Kunden immer nur einen Mausklick vom Angebot der Konkurrenz entfernt. So dringen unter anderem auch Non-Banks aus dem Bereich der Industrie und des Handels immer weiter in das Bankengeschäft ein. Immer mehr Kunden möchten den Zugangsweg für ihre Bankgeschäfte frei wählen. Je nach Produkt, Situation oder Bedarf wünschen sie die parallele Nutzung von Internet-Banking, Mobile-Banking, Telefon oder Filiale. Dies geschieht einerseits aus Kostengründen, andererseits auch unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Bequemlichkeit. Die gut informierten und technik-affinen Kunden nutzen im heutigen preissensiblen Zeitalter gerne die Möglichkeit, durch die Anwendung der elektronischen Distributionswege günstigere Konditionen zu erhalten, die von den Banken durch geringere Transaktionskosten an die Kunden weiter gegeben werden. Ebenso können die Kunden unabhängig von Zeit und Ort ihre Geldgeschäfte tätigen und machen sich damit unabhängig von FilialÖffnungszeiten, da sie sich den Bankschalter auf ihren Bildschirm holen können. Damit die Kunden dieses Angebot auch benutzen, ist es das Ziel der Banken, ein sicheres, anwenderfreundliches und umfassendes Internetportal anzubieten. Der Kunde soll möglichst alles „aus einer Hand“ bekommen, wodurch verhindert werden soll, dass er bei der Konkurrenz ein breiteres Produktangebot vorfindet und dieses dann auch nutzt. Daraus ergibt sich für die Anbieter im E-Finance-Bereich fast automatisch der Bedarf [...]

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich BWL - Bank, Börse, Versicherung, Note: 1,3, Verwaltungs- und Wirtschafts-Akademie, Gießen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der Übergang von der Industriegesellschaft zur Informationsgesellschaft ...

Comparison of Communist and Capitalist Economies. Is "Shock Therapy" the Best Option during Transition?

Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 2,00, University of Applied Sciences Vorarlberg, language: English, abstract: This paper compares and contrasts communist party and economic planning in a socialist system with the prices and the market in a capitalist economy. It discusses the successes, failures, effectiveness and flaws of each system in terms of economic and social aspects. Is shock therapy the right approach for a stable long term transition?

Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 2,00, University of Applied Sciences Vorarlberg, language: English, abstract: This paper compares and contrasts communist party and economic planning in a socialist ...