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The Problem with Banks

Banks of all sorts are troubled institutions. The cost of public bail-outs associated with the subprime crisis in the United States alone may be as high as US$5 trillion. What is the problem with banks? Why do they seem to be at the centre of economic and financial turmoil down through the ages? In this provocative and timely book, Rethel and Sinclair seek answers to these questions, arguing that banks suffer from perennial problems, and that developments in the financial markets and government in recent decades have simply exacerbated these issues. The book examines banking activity in America, Asia and Europe, and how specific historical circumstances have transformed banks' behaviour and attitude to risk. While many see government as a constraint on banks, Sinclair and Rethel argue that what governments do in terms of regulation shapes banks and their motivations, as can be seen in the shortcomings of current reform proposals. Instead, more far-reaching, alternative ways of regulating and shaping banks are needed. A concise, essential overview of a pressing global issue.

The book examines banking activity in America, Asia and Europe, and how specific historical circumstances have transformed banks' behaviour and attitude to risk.

International Banks and the Rise of financial Derivatives

Essay from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,9 (B+), Oxford Brookes University (Business School), course: Practise of International Banking, 21 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Derivatives trading is now the world's biggest business, with an estimated daily turnover of over US$2.5 trillion and an annual growth rate of around 14 per cent (Swan, 1999). Derivatives markets have ancient origins, and a long and complex history of trading and regulation. This work examines the history of derivatives and their impacts on the structure of international banks in order to show the implications of modern international banking in comparison to domestic banking. Mishkin (2003) describes banks as financial institutions that accept deposits and grant loans. In this definition banks are the financial intermediaries that the average person contacts most frequently for its financial dispositions, savings, investments and payments. The structure of a bank therefore seems to be adjusted to the purpose of its business activity. Mishkins traditional definition of a bank includes to those financial institutions we refer to as mutual savings banks, savings and loan associations, commercial banks and credit unions. Their traditional core business is to provide the settlement of national payments and to transform funds from savers over time as well as to process market information (Canals, 1997). They focus on domestic or regional, eventually even local markets and realize their profits from interest margins and balance sheet activities. Therefore they employ an asset- and liability management in order to avoid liquidity and credit risks.

This work examines the history of derivatives and their impacts on the structure of international banks in order to show the implications of modern international banking in comparison to domestic banking.

Responsibility of Central Banks for Stability in Financial Markets

What is the role of central banks in ensuring financial stability? This paper addresses this controversial subject, in part by drawing on the experiences in Europe, Japan, and the United States, and by examining four questions. What is meant by financial stability? Do central banks have a natural role in ensuring financial stability? What does a central bank need to execute this role effectively? How far have central banks actually gone in safeguarding financial stability? The experience drawn on in the paper suggest that central banks: have a natural role to play; at times may require supervisory information to execute this natural role; and have incurred risks to their balance sheets to ensure financial stability.

What is the role of central banks in ensuring financial stability?

Banking Governance, Performance and Risk-Taking

Conventional Banks vs Islamic Banks

Development of emerging countries is often enabled through non-conventional finance. Indeed, the prohibition of interest and some other impediments require understanding conventional finance and Islamic finance, which both seek to be ethical and socially responsible. Thus, comparing and understanding the features of Islamic banking and conventional banking, in a globalized economy, is fundamental. This book explains the features of both conventional and Islamic banking within the current international context. It also provides a comparative view of banking governance, performance and risk-taking of both finance systems. It will be of particular use to practitioners and researchers, as well as to organizations and companies who are interested in conventional and Islamic banking.

This book explains the features of both conventional and Islamic banking within the current international context. It also provides a comparative view of banking governance, performance and risk-taking of both finance systems.

Development and Public Banks

Development finance institutions (DFIs), also known as public development banks (PDBs) are public financial institutions initiated and steered by governments with explicit official missions to promote public policy objectives, and public development banks (PDBs) are the main category. DFIs are experiencing a renaissance worldwide, but there is limited academic research examining their roles, operations, and effectiveness. This book attempts to fill this gap by bringing together world-renowned scholars who discuss in detail the economics and the social consequences of both development banks and public banks. Combining together, the chapters in this volume discuss topics from sustainability, development impact of financial instruments, a new development financial architecture, and the interaction with existing international rules like the Basel Accord. This book will be of particular interest to students, scholars, and researchers of development finance, global governance, and international political economy. The chapters in this book were originally published in the Review of Political Economy.

The chapters in this book were originally published in the Review of Political Economy.

Just Money

Mission-Driven Banks and the Future of Finance

How to use finance as a tool to build a more equitable and sustainable society. Money defines our present and will shape our future. Every investment decision we make adds a chapter to the story of what our world will look like. Although the idea of mission-based finance has been around for decades, there is a gap between organizations' stated intention to "do good" and meaningful impact. Still, some are succeeding. In Just Money, Katrin Kaufer and Lillian Steponaitis take readers on a global tour of financial institutions that use finance as a force for good.

How to use finance as a tool to build a more equitable and sustainable society. Money defines our present and will shape our future. Every investment decision we make adds a chapter to the story of what our world will look like.

The Future of Large, Internationally Active Banks

The Great Financial Crisis of 2007-2010 has had a major impact on large cross-border banks, which are widely blamed for the start and severity of the crisis. As a result, much public policy, both in the United States and elsewhere, has been directed at making these banks safer and less influential by reducing their size and permissible powers through increased government regulation. At the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago's 18th annual International Banking Conference, held in November 2015, the status of these large cross-border banks was critically evaluated. In collaboration with the World Bank, the conference held discussions on the current regulatory landscape for large and internationally active financial institutions; the impact of regulation on bank permissible activities and international trade; improvements in risk management; necessary repairs to the bank safety net; the resolution of insolvent banks operating across national borders; corporate governance for banks in the new environment; implications for market and government discipline; and, progress in achieving international cooperation. Contributors include international policymakers, practitioners, researchers, and academics from more than 30 countries. The papers from the conference are collected in this volume.

The papers from the conference are collected in this volume.

Checking the Banks

The Nuts and Bolts of Banking for People WhoWant to Fix It

Why are banks too big to fail? How come bankers take the profits while we take the risks? Checking the Banks is an easy-to-read primer on how a bank—and the banking system—works. Complex ideas, like what is a bank’s capital, along with leverage, risk-weighting, and repo transactions are explained and made simple. Want to understand how banks work? Want to know what’s wrong with the banking system? “Tom Sgouros offers a sorely-needed set of recipes for building financial institutions that respond to the needs of our economy and the desires of our citizens—from credit unions to cooperatives, and from special-purpose municipal authorities to full-fledged public banking institutions.” There has never been a more important time for people to understand how the financial system works… and why it doesn’t. "Checking the Banks really teaches - in a clear and straightforward way - what the banking system is and how it works. Readers learn without impenetrable academic jargon or patronizing assurances that all is well in your friendly bankers' hands. A financial system that serves the system's growing inequalities is exposed for those who want to understand what so badly needs change." —Richard D. Wolff, Professor of Economics Emeritus, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Visiting Professor, New School University, New York “This is a marvelous book! Well-written—even enjoyable to read—about local banking! Packed with important information, not only for the expert, but for anyone, activist or public official, Put it on top of your reading pile!” — Gar Alperovitz, author of What Then Must We Do? “A clear, accessible, practical, grounded, and authoritative intro- duction to how banks account for their use of your money.” — David Korten, author of Agenda for a New Economy: From Phantom Wealth to Real Wealth What do they think they’re doing? The global network of banks, brokers, funds, dealers, servicers, and all the rest is a marvel of the 21st century—for better and frequently worse. In the aftermath of the worst financial crisis in a generation, there has never been a more important time to understand how the system works... and why it doesn’t. Checking the Banks is an easy-to-read primer on how a bank—and the banking system—works. Complex ideas, like bank capital, leverage, risk-weighting, and repo transactions are explained in clear, understandable language. This is a book for: People who want to understand banks Activists determined to change them Reformers seeking to build alternatives

This is a book for: People who want to understand banks Activists determined to change them Reformers seeking to build alternatives

Balancing the Banks

Global Lessons from the Financial Crisis

The financial crisis that began in 2007 in the US swept the world, producing substantial bank failures and forcing unprecedented state aid for the crippled global financial system. This book draws critical lessons from the causes of the crisis and proposes important regulatory reforms.

This book draws critical lessons from the causes of the crisis and proposes important regulatory reforms. "Three giants in the field have teamed up to offer their insightful perspectives on prudential regulation at a crucial time.

Valuing Banks

A New Corporate Finance Approach

This book aims to overcome the limitations the variations in bank-specifics impose by providing a bank-specific valuation theoretical framework and a new asset-side model. The book includes also a constructive comparison of equity and asset side methods. The authors present a novel framework entitled, the “Asset Mark-down Model”. This method incorporates an Adjusted Present Value model, which allows practitioners to identify the main value creation sources of a particular bank: from asset-based cash flow and the mark-down on deposits, to tax benefits on bearing liabilities. Through the implementation of this framework, the authors offer a more accurate and more specific approach to valuing banks.

This book aims to overcome the limitations the variations in bank-specifics impose by providing a bank-specific valuation theoretical framework and a new asset-side model.