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Purity of Worship Defence Association, in Connection with the Irish Presbyterian Church

Address to the Ministers, Elders, and Members of the Church

Now we cannot ignore these practices , as their tendency , if not their design , is to train the people to the use of instrumental music in religious worship , and so foster a desire for its introduction into the ordinary services of ...

Comparison of Capitalist Dynamics in Marx and Schumpeter

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: A, McGill University, 0 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Joseph Schumpeter was born the same year Karl Marx died. One might say Schumpeter was destined to follow in Marx’s footsteps. Marx had involved himself in the study of Capitalism and became a great source of influence for Schumpeter who elaborated on his theories. An essential part of their study was devoted to Capitalist Dynamics. Their views on the subject show fundamental similarities but demonstrate several differences as well, which are explained in part by their different experience of economic history. This paper will focus on comparing and contrasting the capitalist dynamics of Karl Marx and Joseph Schumpeter, their theories on what Capitalism is driven by and how it evolves. As a starting point, it is interesting to distinguish Marx’s and Schumpeter’s opposed feeling of Capitalism. Marx studied the laws of motion of Capitalism because he was concerned about the exploitation of workers and thus was against Capitalism. Schumpeter, on the other side, approved of Capitalism and considered free market Capitalism the “best economic system”. Marx believes that unemployment will increase as workers are replaced by machines and that Capitalism impoverishes the masses. On the other side, Schumpeter believes that Capitalism can ameliorate the conditions of the workers: “The capitalist process, not by coincidence but by virtue of its mechanism, progressively raises the standard of life of the masses. It does so through a sequence of vicissitudes, the severity of which is proportional to the speed of the advance. But it does so effectively.” Karl Marx, however, was not completely against Capitalism as it “rescued a considerable part of the population from the idiocy of rural life”.

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: A, McGill University, language: English, abstract: Joseph Schumpeter was born the same year Karl Marx died.

ISLAM DAN PEMBEBASAN

Spirit Ekonomi Syariah dalam Dunia Bisnis

Dalam Islam, setiap aktivitas kehidupan telah diatur. Termasuk di dalamnya tentang perekonomian. Aktivitas ekonomi sudah ada sejak zaman dahulu, yakni zaman pra Nabi Muhammad SAW lahir. Sistem Ekonomi Islam (Syariah) berbeda dari sistem-sistem ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis. Bahkan dalam beberapa hal merupakan pertentangan antara keduanya dan berada di antara kedua ekstrim tersebut. Sistem Ekonomi Islam (Syariah) memiliki kebaikan-kebaikan yang ada pada sistem ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis, tetapi bebas dari kelemahan yang terdapat pada kedua sistem tersebut. Maka dari itu, semangat membumikan Ekonomi Islam (Syariah) harus diikuti dengan pemahaman yang matang akan karakteristik prinsip-prinsip dasar Ekonomi Islam (Syariah) yang diajarkan baginda Rasulullah SAW.

Dalam Islam, setiap aktivitas kehidupan telah diatur.

Risk and Return Under Sharia Framework

An Attempt to Develop Sharia Compliant Asset Pricing Model-SCAPM.

Islamic finance has shown tremendous growth in last two decades. By the end of December 2008, in more than 50 countries approximately 300 institutions are operating and they manage funds of US $951 billion. As IFIs are entering into equity market for investment hence guidance in the field of security pricing is required. There is a need to analyze the existing security pricing models within the filter of Sharia compliance and suggest an alternative where required. This study is an attempt to analyze the technical asset pricing models (CAPM, APT and multifactor models) based on behavior of stock market and macroeconomic factors, test the validity through Sharia compliance filter and suggest modification if required. Findings suggest that existing technical asset pricing models are very much applicable under Sharia frame work with a minor modification of risk free return because under Islamic financial system risk free return does not exist. Traditional CAPM is convertible into SCAPM by eliminating risk free return and including inflation charge.

Islamic finance has shown tremendous growth in last two decades.

Apa peran pemerintah subnasional dalam Kontribusi yang Ditetapkan Secara Nasional?

Antara retorika dan praktik di negara-negara REDD+

Poin-poin kunci Penelitian dan praktik banyak memberikan penekanan pada peran transformatif yang dimainkan pemerintah subnasional (sub-national governments/SNGs) dalam aksi perubahan iklim. Kontribusi yang ditetapkan secara nasional (Nationally Determined Contributions/NDCs) bukan merupakan cetak biru untuk implementasi, namun ini memberikan gambaran tentang sejumlah prioritas yang berpotensi. Saat ini, peran SNGs kebanyakan masih terbatas: dari 60 negara REDD+, hanya 14 yang secara eksplisit menyebutkan peran SNGs dalam mitigasi, dan hanya 4 yang memberikan SNGs peran terkait pembuatan keputusan. Kegagalan memberikan peran yang lebih spesifik kepada SNGs bisa terbukti menjadi sesuatu yang tidak berpandangan jauh ke depan mengingat perubahan iklim adalah permasalahan global, namun solusi-solusi seperti REDD+ perlu diimplementasikan secara lokal dan yurisdiksional, dan oleh karenanya membutuhkan masukan lokal. Faktor-faktor yang akan mempengaruhi realisasi peran yang ditugaskan kepada SNGs dalam NDCs termasuk: niat politik terkait desentralisasi; dana yang dibutuhkan oleh para para pihak untuk mencapai target mereka; kapasitas SNGs; dan kebutuhan untuk menyelaraskan prioritas pembangunan subnasional dengan nasional.

Poin-poin kunci Penelitian dan praktik banyak memberikan penekanan pada peran transformatif yang dimainkan pemerintah subnasional (sub-national governments/SNGs) dalam aksi perubahan iklim.

Live Bobwhite Quail, Report [on] Investigation of the Costs of Production in the United States and in the Principal Competing Foreign Country of Bobwhite Quail