Analysis on Islamic banking according to Indonesian law.
Analysis on Islamic banking according to Indonesian law.
The Epistle on Legal Theory is the oldest surviving Arabic work on Islamic legal theory and the foundational document of Islamic jurisprudence. Its author, Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi?i (d. 204 H/820 AD), was the eponym of the Shafi?i school of legal thought, one of the four rites in Sunni Islam. This fascinating work offers the first systematic treatment in Arabic of key issues in Islamic legal thought. These include a survey of the importance of Arabic as the language of revelation, principles of textual interpretation to be applied to the Qur?an and prophetic Traditions, techniques for harmonizing apparently contradictory precedents, legal epistemology, rules of inference, and discussions of when legal interpretation is required. The author illustrates his theoretical claims with numerous examples drawn from nearly all areas of Islamic law, including ritual law, commercial law, tort law, and criminal law. The text thus provides an important window into both Islamic law and legal thought in particular and early Islamic intellectual history in general . This new translation by a leading scholar of Shafi?i and his thought makes available in lucid, modern English one of the earliest complete works on Islamic law—one that is centrally important for the formation of Islamic legal thought and the Islamic legal tradition.
This fascinating work offers the first systematic treatment in Arabic of key issues in Islamic legal thought.
Where should the line between serious criminal fraud and lawful 'puffing' be drawn? What constitutes tax evasion beyond mere 'tax avoidance'? What separates obstruction of justice from 'zealous advocacy', or insider trading from 'savvy investing'? Can we meaningfully distinguish bribery from 'campaign contributions', or perjury from 'wiliness' on the witness stand? A look at some of the most high profile white collar crime cases in recent history will quickly reveal that there can sometimes be a fine line between serious fraudulent conduct and behaviour which, though it might be shrewd, crafty, or even devious, is not ultimately criminal. According to the traditional conception of the criminal law, penal sanctions should be used as a 'last resort', applicable only to conduct that is truly and unambiguously blameworthy. White-collar crime poses a serious challenge to this traditional view. This is the first book to use the tools of moral and legal theory as a meansto examine a range of specific white-collar offenses, aiming to develop and apply a methodology that will allow us to make meaningful distinctions between genuine white collar criminality and merely aggressive business behavior. Particular attention is paid to the concept of moral wrongfulness, which is described in terms of violations of a range of familiar, but nevertheless powerful, moral norms that inform and shape the leading white-collar criminal offenses - norms against not only lying, cheating, and stealing, but also coercion, exploitation, disloyalty, promise-breaking, and defiance of law. It is through such analysis that the whole moral fabric of white-collar crime is brought into sharp relief.
"In the first in-depth study of its kind, Stuart Green exposes the ambiguities and uncertainties that pervade the white-collar crimes, and offers an approach to their solution.
Gert H. Muller The growth of the number of publications in almost all scientific areas, as in the area of (mathematical) logic, is taken as a sign of our scientifically minded culture, but it also has a terrifying aspect. In addition, given the rapidly growing sophistica tion, specialization and hence subdivision of logic, researchers, students and teachers may have a hard time getting an overview of the existing literature, partic ularly if they do not have an extensive library available in their neighbourhood: they simply do not even know what to ask for! More specifically, if someone vaguely knows that something vaguely connected with his interests exists some where in the literature, he may not be able to find it even by searching through the publications scattered in the review journals. Answering this challenge was and is the central motivation for compiling this Bibliography. The Bibliography comprises (presently) the following six volumes (listed with the corresponding Editors): I. Classical Logic W. Rautenberg II. Non-classical Logics W. Rautenberg III. Model Theory H. -D. Ebbinghaus IV. Recursion Theory P. G. Hinman V. Set Theory A. R. Blass VI. Proof Theory; Constructive Mathematics J. E. Kister; D. van Dalen & A. S. Troelstra.
This volume contains the proceedings of LPAR '92, theinternational conference on logic programming and automatedreasoning held in St. Petersburg in July 1992. The aim ofthe conference was to bring together researchers from theRussian and the international logic programming and theoremproving communities.The topics of interest covered by papers inthe volumeinclude automated theorem proving, non-monotonic reasoning, applications of mathematical logic to computer science, deductive databases, implementation of declarative concepts, and programming in non-classical logics.LPAR '92 is the successor of the First and Second RussianConferences on Logic Programming held in 1990 and 1991, respectively, the proceedings of which were publishedinLNAI Vol. 592.
We require that all the di occur in t since all arguments of f were certainly meant for relevance . f must not be ... a candidate term means to check whether the outer structure of the term corresponds to a legal rule in the context of ...
"Knowledge representation research is not only formal, it is also descriptiveand normative. Its aim is to implement a formal system which captures a practically relevant body of cognitive faculties employed by humans and capitalizes on its technical strength to extend human knowledge representation and reasoning capabilities. In this monograph, the author develops formalisms for his own notion of a vivid knowledge representation and reasoning system, characterized by the presence of two kinds of negation (weak and strong) and the requirements of restricted reflexivity, constructivity, and non-explosiveness. The book is based on work carried out within an interdisciplinary research project at the Free University of Berlin."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.
Knowledge-based Reasoning with Two Kinds of Negation Gerd Wagner, Institute for Documentation Information and Statistics German Cancer Research Centre G Wagner. 6.2 Logic Programs with Strong Negation The ... legal reasoning system .
To substantiate his claim that mathematical probability is no good , or at best limited , in the context of legal reasoning , Cohen brings forward some hard cases , one of which he dubs the gatecrasher paradox of legal reasoning .
... impartiality requires public officials to apply legal rules in an universalistic fashion , without favoring nor ... two parties who shared the same commitment to as well as the same interpretative framework of legal reasoning ) .
This volume presents the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Deontic Logic in Computer Science, DEON 2012, held in Bergen, Norway, in July 2012. The 14 revised papers included in the volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. Topics covered include logical study of normative reasoning, formal analysis of normative concepts and normative systems, formal specification of aspects of norm-governed multi-agent systems and autonomous agents, normative aspects of protocols for communication, negotiation and multi-agent decision making, formal representation of legal knowledge, formal specification of normative systems for the management of bureaucratic processes in public or private administration, and applications of normative logic to the specification of database integrity constraints.
This volume presents the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Deontic Logic in Computer Science, DEON 2012, held in Bergen, Norway, in July 2012.
