Sebanyak 64 item atau buku ditemukan

Country level comparison of innovation systems. Germany, Israel and Norway

Academic Paper from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Innovation economics, grade: A, BI Norwegian Business School, course: Innovation and Entrepreneurship, language: English, abstract: Innovation lies at the heart of globalisation, whereby to stay relevant in competitive markets and improve economic growth, countries must put in place strong National Innovation Systems (NIS). Thus, the key goal of this paper is to analyse and compare the National Innovation Systems of various countries. Germany, Israel and Norway were chosen as part of this study, particularly because of their strong innovative history, high levels of innovation and the importance of innovation for their future competitiveness. Firstly, an analysis of core primary data provides a brief overview of each country. Subsequently, Porter’s Diamond model, and its four factors, helps us evaluate in detail each of the country’s NIS. After analysis, each country is methodically discussed using research, results and the Triple Helix Model. Using this, we found Israel has a highly efficient NIS, showing incredible dynamic development in recent years. Germany’s NIS was found to be deeply rooted in their economy and Norway’s lower levels of GDP and patent applications per capita indicated lower levels of innovation. It is recommended each country focus on maintaining strong NIS to combat future challenges, including the trend of climate change.

Firstly, an analysis of core primary data provides a brief overview of each country. Subsequently, Porter’s Diamond model, and its four factors, helps us evaluate in detail each of the country’s NIS.

Political Economy of Economic Growth: A Cross Comparison of Egypt and Turkey

Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: A3, Hacettepe University (Department of Economics), course: International Political Economy, language: English, abstract: Growth economics is the branch of economics answering questions related to what are determinants of economic growth; whether is it possible to reach a maintainable growth rate on the long run, if it is preferable to let governments interfere in market performance in order to fasten rates of economic growth. Harrod and Domar attempted to answer these questions through applying Keynes economics for economic analysis. They found that savings and investments stable rates are the key for rapid long term growth especially in developing countries. Therefore, government intervention was needed to help stimulate savings and investments. Years later, Solow and Swan attempted to answer same questions through their neoclassical growth model. In this model, it was assumed that a maintained rising saving rates leads to transition from slow growth into fast growth path. This meant a focus on technological progress. However, part of the growth was not explained by growth in production factors which are capital and labor. Solow stated that this unexplained factor was the residual or total factor productivity. Therefore, government policies were assumed to be effective on aggregate output not on growth rates.

Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: A3, Hacettepe University (Department of Economics), course: International Political Economy, language: English, abstract: Growth economics is the ...

FDI and Economic Growth in Developing Countries. A Cross Comparison between Egypt and Turkey’

Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: A1, Hacettepe University (Faculty of Economics), course: Seminar ''Master Degree'', language: English, abstract: International trade and international investment flows has been a main feature of the globalization era. However, international flows of goods, services, labor, and knowledge among national borders is not a recent phenomenon. Since World War II, most countries attempted to increase the rates of their international trade flows due to the increased impact of foreign firms investing on their economic performance. When firms go international, they benefit from the increased international competition, and learn from their global operations. Moreover, these firms can help their domestic economies by providing foreign currency, enhancing domestic productivity, and employment opportunities which positively affect the national trade deficit.

Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: A1, Hacettepe University (Faculty of Economics), course: Seminar ''Master Degree'', language: English, abstract: International trade and ...

Comparison of Capitalist Dynamics in Marx and Schumpeter

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: A, McGill University, 0 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Joseph Schumpeter was born the same year Karl Marx died. One might say Schumpeter was destined to follow in Marx’s footsteps. Marx had involved himself in the study of Capitalism and became a great source of influence for Schumpeter who elaborated on his theories. An essential part of their study was devoted to Capitalist Dynamics. Their views on the subject show fundamental similarities but demonstrate several differences as well, which are explained in part by their different experience of economic history. This paper will focus on comparing and contrasting the capitalist dynamics of Karl Marx and Joseph Schumpeter, their theories on what Capitalism is driven by and how it evolves. As a starting point, it is interesting to distinguish Marx’s and Schumpeter’s opposed feeling of Capitalism. Marx studied the laws of motion of Capitalism because he was concerned about the exploitation of workers and thus was against Capitalism. Schumpeter, on the other side, approved of Capitalism and considered free market Capitalism the “best economic system”. Marx believes that unemployment will increase as workers are replaced by machines and that Capitalism impoverishes the masses. On the other side, Schumpeter believes that Capitalism can ameliorate the conditions of the workers: “The capitalist process, not by coincidence but by virtue of its mechanism, progressively raises the standard of life of the masses. It does so through a sequence of vicissitudes, the severity of which is proportional to the speed of the advance. But it does so effectively.” Karl Marx, however, was not completely against Capitalism as it “rescued a considerable part of the population from the idiocy of rural life”.

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: A, McGill University, language: English, abstract: Joseph Schumpeter was born the same year Karl Marx died.

Researching Indigenous Law. Legal Anthropology or Comparative Law?

Essay from the year 2015 in the subject Law - Comparative Legal Systems, Comparative Law, , language: English, abstract: In developed countries, indigenous peoples are often portrayed as (noble) savages or as remnants from an other age. However, they are neither. While being different from the majority population, and all too often having been (and often continuing to be) oppressed, in recent years a change has become visible in the attitude towards indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples are first of all that, peoples - with their own cultures and histories. It is because of their particular lifestyle and relationship with an other culture, that they are seen as different. However, more and more indigenous peoples are taken more seriously in their own right. In this essay the research of indigenous legal norms by outsiders is investigated from the perspective of indigenous rights. Based on a premise of respect for indigenous norms, issues such as benefit sharing and access to research results are discussed, as well as research ethics.

However, more and more indigenous peoples are taken more seriously in their own right. In this essay the research of indigenous legal norms by outsiders is investigated from the perspective of indigenous rights.

Challenges facing the efficacy of International Criminal Law

Why the ICL is a ship in stormy waters

Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Public International Law and Human Rights, grade: 4, University of Nairobi, course: Bachelor of Laws, language: English, abstract: This paper is a critical analysis of how the game of world politics has jeopardized the efficacy of International Criminal Law (ICL). International Criminal Law exists within a political space. It’s a ship in an ocean filled with storms of supremacy battles, power games, sovereignty conversations, self-interests and a lot more of political tides. This paper seeks to analyse how safely the ICL ship sails in the fierce waters. It seeks to see how the tides have affected the stability of the ship. Will the ICL vessel safely get to dock or is it faced with a risk of shipwreck? The article concludes that there is indeed a danger of the ship being overthrown by the fierce waters and gives a recommendation to rescue the ship by adopting a definition of state sovereignty to the effect that all are above the law but bound by the law. This will make the objective of International Criminal Law realizable and deliver it from the fate of ineffectualness.

Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Public International Law and Human Rights, grade: 4, University of Nairobi, course: Bachelor of Laws, language: English, abstract: This paper is a ...

Sources of International Criminal Law

Academic Paper from the year 2012 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: A, University of Wroclaw, language: English, abstract: The sources if international criminal law are diverse, frequently not immediately obvious, and complicated by a number of different factors. This makes the mission of identifying and applying international criminal law particularly difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy. Thus, it is important to identify the sources of international criminal law in order to determine what weight should actually be attached to international treaties, international custom, documents, materials and judicial decisions, which are commonly referred to in the context of individual criminal responsibility in international law.

Thus, it is important to identify the sources of international criminal law in order to determine what weight should actually be attached to international treaties, international custom, documents, materials and judicial decisions, which ...

International Cooperation in Dealing with International Crimes under International Criminal Law: The Case of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal

Research paper from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict Studies, Security, grade: A, University for Peace (United Nations-mandated University for Peace), language: English, abstract: Traditional international law considered the sovereignty of state as the core principle and state cannot be interfered by other states or international community even though it is failed to protect its people. The modern international law developed when the Peace of Westphalia was signed in 1648. With this development, the principle of sovereignty of state has been gradually replaced with the principle of international community as every state more or less is dependent, particularly in terms of economics and politics, in order to survive in the world community. In this regard, each state came into agreement on trade, diplomacy and so on with the others. So each is bound by international law either treaty, customary international law, or other sources of international law. Regarding the international crimes under international criminal law such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, most of the states more or less are bound by them, significantly under the 1948-Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1968-Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity, and the 2002-Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Throughout the history, a number of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes happened, but only were four ad hoc tribunals right away created to prosecute the criminals before the ICC came into being in 2002. Those are the 1945-Nuremberg Tribunal, the 1946- Tokyo Tribunal, the 1993-International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, and the 1994-International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. However, such a thing was not undertaken in Cambodia after the Khmer Rouge regime collapse in 1979. The Khmer Rouge Tribunal is selected to study because it is the only tribunal established very late after the carelessness of the international community and the prolonged and often acrimonious cooperation and negotiation between the Cambodian government and the UN, unlike the others. [...]

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict Studies, Security, grade: A, University for Peace (United Nations-mandated University for Peace), language: ...

Business Communication in the Islamic World

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Communications - Intercultural Communication, grade: 1,3, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, course: Intercultural Communications, 5 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: What is it most people associate with thoughts of the Islamic or Arab World? It is true, no one will forget the horrible pictures of the Gulf Wars from 1980 to 1991 or the attack of radical Muslims on the USA on September 11, 2001, but dictators like Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden do not mirror the whole of the Islamic world. These radical Muslims and terror attacks are only exceptions, and it is not fair to see only this side. There are fanatics from other religions or racial offenders in the Western World as well, and it is unfair to think they are all the same because they belong to the same religious group. There are about 1.3 billion Muslims in the world and for the most part, they want only to exercise their religion without any aggressive intentions. When presented with the term “Arabic”, more traditional minds might think of men riding camels through the desert, wearing turbans. This is the more accurate image of the Islamic world; a very custom rich culture with an intense focus on hospitality . While both of these images are true, what people must recognize is the enormous business power these countries possess; and this power lies in much more than oil alone. Dubai, for example, is one of the fastest growing cities in the world with investments of hundreds of billions of US-dollars each year . It seems that there are no limits set in the world of the sheiks. In Dubai they have the Burj al-arab—the only seven-star hotel in the world—and a snow dome that offers skiing, even with the temperature outside at 50 . Furthermore, in Dubai they are building the 560 metres high Burj Dubai, which will be the highest skyscraper in the world after its completion . All this considered, it is obvious that it could be profitable to have a look at the Arabic countries for businessmen and investors. This was a short introduction to answer the question of “Why” conducting business with the Arabic world could be profitable. The following section will focus on the “How” aspect. I will explain how to cultivate a cooperative environment with Islamic business partners by describing their cultural views and customs, and what people should focus on or avoid in business transactions. It will be a general overview because Dubai is not like Bahrain, in the same way Germany is not like France, but there is one binding element for these countries – their religion.

Paper Business Communication in the Islamic World Leuphana Lüneburg Faculty II Intercultural Communications SS 2007 Frederik Wendisch 6th semester Lüneburg, June 28th 2007 Table of contents Table of contents I List of illustrations.

Does state behavior contrary to a rule of customary international law undermine the existence of that rule?

Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, , language: English, abstract: The purpose of this essay is to assess the impact of the behaviour of a State, which contrary to a rule of customary international law, on the existence of rule of customary international law, in terms of whether it undermines the existence of that rule or strengthens it. To be able to do this, it is expedient that the following issues are addressed: What is Customary International Law? What are rules of customary international law? Contrary state behavior. Customary International Law is one of the major sources of International law and is described in Article 38(1)(b) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, 1946, as "general practice accepted as law." According to the Legal Information Institute of the Cornell Law School, "Customary international law refers to international obligations arising from established international practices, as opposed to obligations arising from formal written conventions and treaties. Customary international law results from a general and consistent practice of states that they follow from a sense of legal obligation." It was also defined by Judge Read in Fisheries (UK v Norway) (1951), as the generalization of the practice of States.

Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, , language: English, abstract: The purpose of this essay is to assess the impact of the behaviour of a State, which contrary to a rule of ...