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Philosophy, Science, Education and Culture

Currents such as epistemological and social constructivism, postmodernism, and certain forms of multiculturalism that had become fashionable within science education circles in the last decades lost sight of critical inquiry as the core aim of education. In this book we develop an account of education that places critical inquiry at the core of education in general and science education in particular. Since science constitutes the paradigm example of critical inquiry, we explain the nature of science, paying particular attention to scientific methodology and scientific modeling and at the same time showing their relevance in the science classroom. We defend a universalist, rationalist, and objectivist account of science against epistemological and social constructivist views, postmodernist approaches and epistemic multiculturalist accounts.

Hoodbhoy, P. (1991) Islam and Science: Religious Orthodoxy and the Battle for Rationality, London, Zed Books. Hospers, J. (1967) An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, second edition.

John Maynard Keynes

Sebuah Pengantar Singkat

John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) adalah pemikir sentral abad dua puluh. Tidak hanya seorang ahli teori ekonomi dan negarawan, ia juga adalah tokoh penting dalam bidang ekonomi, filsafat, politik, dan budaya. Dalam Pengantar Singkat ini, Lord Skidelsky, seorang penulis biografi terkenal Keynes, mengeksplorasi filsafat etis dan praktis Keynes, pemikiran-pemikiran moneternya, kritik atas teori-teorinya, serta relevansi teori-teori tersebut sejak Perang Dunia Pertama hingga krisis yang terjadi tahun 2007-2008. Dalam buku ini diceritakan bagaimana Keynes mengusulkan solusi untuk membiayai Inggris dalam Perang Dunia Pertama, lalu mencetuskan teori umum tentang ketenagakerjaan pada tahun-tahun damai antara kedua Perang Dunia. Bagaimana kemudian dia bernegosiasi dengan Federal Reserve Board Amerika Serikat untuk mendapatkan pinjaman guna membiayai Inggris dalam Perang Dunia Kedua, juga diceritakan dengan sangat menarik dalam buku ini. Dengan melihat karya-karya utamanya dan sumbangsihnya pada pemikiran ekonomi abad kedua puluh, Skidelsky mempertimbangkan warisan Keynes kepada masyarakat saat ini. Buku ini adalah bacaan yang tepat untuk memahami kehidupan John Maynard Keynes beserta gambaran ringkas teori-teorinya. Skidelsky mempunyai gaya tulisan yang mengalir dan tidak bertele-tele sehingga buku ini dapat dibaca dan dipahami oleh mereka yang awam sekalipun tanpa kesulitan.

John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) adalah pemikir sentral abad dua puluh.

An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure

A leading work in the field of international criminal law, which is accessible, comprehensive and up to date.

A leading work in the field of international criminal law, which is accessible, comprehensive and up to date.

Core Concepts in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice

Anglo-German Dialogues

A comparative and collaborative study of the foundational principles and concepts that underpin different domestic systems of criminal law.

A comparative and collaborative study of the foundational principles and concepts that underpin different domestic systems of criminal law.

An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure

New edition of market-leading textbook contains both updated and new material to give the most current coverage of the subject.

This new edition of market-leading textbook contains both updated and new material to give the most current coverage of the subject.

Belajar Dan Pembelajaran

Belajar juga merupakan proses melihat, mengamati dan memahami sesuatu. “Belajar merupakan perubahan dalam kepribadian yang dimanifestasikan sebagai suatu pola-pola respon yang berupa keterampilan, sikap, kebiasaan, kecakapan atau pemahaman. Proses belajar terjadi apabila individu dihadapkan pada situasi di mana ia tidak dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan cara biasa, atau apabila ia harus mengatasi rintangan-rintangan yang mengganggu kegiatan-kegiatan yang diinginkan. Proses penyesuain diri mengatasi rintangan terjadi secara tidak sadar, tanpa pemikiran yang banyak terhadap apa yang dilakukan. Dalam hal ini pelajar mencoba melakukan kebiasaan atau tingkah laku yang telah terbentuk hingga ia mencapai respon yang memuaskan. Jadi belajar adalah suatu proses perubahan tingkah laku yang berkesinambungan antara berbagai unsur dan berlangsung seumur hidup yang didorong oleh berbagai aspek seperti motivasi, emosional, sikap dan yang lainnya dan pada akhirnya menghasilkan sebuah tingkah laku yang diharapkan. Unsur utama dalam belajar adalah individu sebagai peserta belajar, kebutuhan sebagai sumber pendorong, situasi belajar, yang memberikan kemungkinan terjadinya kegiatan belajar.

Belajar juga merupakan proses melihat, mengamati dan memahami sesuatu. “Belajar merupakan perubahan dalam kepribadian yang dimanifestasikan sebagai suatu pola-pola respon yang berupa keterampilan, sikap, kebiasaan, kecakapan atau ...

Pengembangan Model dan Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia

Metode yaitu cara yang digunakan untuk melaksanakan suatu pekerjaan agar tercapai sesuai dengan yang dikehendaki. Selain itu, juga didefanisikan sebagai cara kerja yang bersistem untuk memudahkan pelaksanaan suatu kegiatan guna mencapai tujuan yang ditentukan. Dalam pembelajaran bahasa indonesia metode diartikan sebagai sisitem perencanaan pembelajaran bahasa indonesia secara menyeluruh untuk memilih, mengorganisasikan, dan meyajikan materi pelajaran bahasa indonesia secara teratur. Metode bersifat prosedural artinya, penerapan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia harus dikerjakan menurut langkah-langkah yang teratur, bertahap yakni mulai perencanaan pembelajaran, penyajian sampai dengan penilaian dan hasil belajar.

Metode yaitu cara yang digunakan untuk melaksanakan suatu pekerjaan agar tercapai sesuai dengan yang dikehendaki.

A Topical Guide to the Koran & Sharia Law

Volume 2

This book is based on the 1734 translation of the Koran by George Sale. This translation is in King James English, making comparisons between it and the King James Bible easily. This is a topical guide that will take a word or short phrase and find it in every verse of the Koran where it appears. These verses are placed together so that the reader can readily determine the context and, therefore, the meaning of the word or phrase. In some instances such as the word “jihad,” which does not appear in the Sale translation, it is traced in the University of Michigan’s online translation of the Koran. There it appears thirteen times, but in only two does it mean an internal struggle. In the other eleven, it means warfare. When analyzing words and phrases in the Koran, it is important to know when they were received and written. It is also important to know that the Koran includes material that seems to come from other sources. This has been outlined in volume 2 of the 1,300 Years’ War. As noted in volume 1 of the 1,300 Years’ War, Muhammad (PBUH) has been thought by many for over 150 years to have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy associated with visual and auditory hallucinations. These seizures last less than three minutes. It is, therefore, important to know which suras might have come from a single episode. A table shows this in volume 1 (table 8). Many scholars divide the Koran into four major periods: early Mecca (AD 610–615), mid-Mecca (AD 616), late Mecca (AD 617–621) and Medina (AD 622–632). The analysis of the verses in these periods found that militancy against non-Muslims progresses: 7.7 percent of the verses from early Mecca are militant. This rises to 10.6 percent in the mid-Mecca period, and 18.3 percent in the late Mecca period. It tops out at 29.3 percent in the Medina period. The colored version of the topical guide shows these periods in black, blue, green, and red. In the black and white edition, it shows these four periods of the Koran in plain italics, boldface italics, regular plain type, and boldface regular type. The reason this division is important is the doctrine of abrogation (2:106) given early in the Medina period. This states that verses given later may nullify verses given earlier. Thus, many peaceful verses given in the early parts of the Koran may be nullified by the “verse of the sword” (9:5) given later toward the end of the prophet’s life: “Slay the idolaters wherever you find them.” So far as I have been able to determine, there has been no stylistic analysis of the Koran. A person studying the Koran or the history of Islam will find this work most valuable.

... includes an accounting of armed fighting men over twenty years old apart from heads of household (Num. 1:2–3, 21). With the advent of farming, larger tribes congregated close to fertile land and major fresh water sources.

Sharia Law and the Arab Oil Bust

PetroCurse Or Cost of Being Muslim?

The delayed development of the Islamic world, in defiance of the formulaic approaches long favored by economists, suggests that the traditional Sharia and Islamic values and principles are at least partially responsible for the region s persistent backwardness. By analyzing the impact of the legal regime of the Sharia on Saudi Arabia during the Arab Oil Bust of the 1980s, this thesis concludes that Islamic social values and the Sharia s de facto role as an uncodified pre-emptive Arab common law implemented with high regard to precedent by ulama with extraordinary power of judicial review had the effect of accentuating the effects of the Oil Bust, making the theory of the Petrocurse a subset of a larger Cost of Being Muslim. On the other hand, the author concludes that not only is the Sharia not constrained by its nature to playing a deleterious economic role, but that it has broad commercial application, both domestically and internationally, and a new generation of more flexible Muslim economists, lawyers, and financial theorists have pointed the way toward a possible comprehensive modern adaptation of Islamic laws and principles.

Since the bank's investment risk has been greatly restricted in cost-plus financing, many question the validity of ... The Islamic bank usually waives any right to participate in management of the client's enterprise, but in return ...

Educational Psychology

Theory and Practice, Student Value Edition

From renowned educational psychologist, Robert Slavin, the Tenth Edition of this popular text translates theory into practices that teachers can use in their classrooms with deeper inquiry into the concept of intentionality and a thorough integration of standards. This edition highlights current issues and emerging trends in the field of educational psychology. The tenth edition continues to have in-depth, practical coverage with a focus on the intentional teacher by presenting up-to-the-minute research that a reflective, intentional teacher can apply. An “intentional teacher,” according to Slavin, is one who constantly reflects on his or her practice and makes instructional decisions based on a clear conception of how these practices affect students. To help readers become “intentional teachers,” the author offers a set of questions to guide them and models best practices through classroom examples. This Student Value Edition is a three-hole punched, loose-leaf version of the textbook and provides students the opportunity to personalize their book by incorporating their own notes and taking only the portion of the book they need to class – all at a fraction of the bound book price.

Thoroughly updated citations ensure that the text is grounded in the most current research. The text has 656 new and updated references. 55% of all references are 2000 or later.