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A Mini Guide to Shari'ah Audit for Islamic Financial Institutions - A Primer

The Political Economy of Wasta: Use and Abuse of Social Capital Networking

The term ‘wasta stems from the Arabic root for ‘middle’ or ‘medium’ and describes the phenomenon of using ‘connections’ to find job, government services or other favors to circumvent bureaucracy or bypass the system as a whole. The effects of ‘wasta’ may be both positive or negative, and is not a phenomenon that is particular to the Arab or Muslim world, but also to many other cultures and regions of the world, with similar concepts popularly known as ubuntu, guanxi, harambee, naoberschop, or “old boy network” used in African, Chinese and European societies. By its very nature ‘wasta’ is an area of grey or even black information, and, like corruption to which it is most often associated, is hard to assess although country corruption perception indexes attempt to provide a quantifiable basis. In the final analysis such ratings are based on perceptions of corruption, and this perception may vary strongly depending on different societal structures and cultural modes, whether these are extended family systems, tribal, clans or more atomized societies where relationships are essentially transactional and rule based. In a western perspective where ‘wasta’ may be considered as a form of corruption, in other societies it may be perceived as something ‘natural’ and not criminal, and using one's ‘wasta’ in tribal societies to help clan members is seen as a duty. The difference stems from the 'innocent ' use of ‘wasta’ to make introductions, as opposed to its abuse in placing unqualified persons in positions .The volume brings together academics and professional experts to examine a range of multi-faceted social, economic and political issues raised by the use and abuse of social networking, covering various topics like: ‘wasta’ interpersonal connections in family and business ties, The relationship between inequality-adjusted human development and corruption perception indexes in the Gulf region, ‘wasta’ and business networking, assessing the economic cost of ‘wasta’, ‘wasta’ and its impact on quality oriented education reform and the perceptions of young people, The use of ‘wasta’ to overcome socio-cultural barriers for women and men The volume also offers insights into social relations and ethics, and how the use of ‘wasta’ contradicts with common held religious principles, along with some country studies on Islamic principles and the use of ‘wasta’. Mohamed Ramady is a Visiting Associate Professor, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia.

In the final analysis such ratings are based on perceptions of corruption, and this perception may vary strongly depending on different societal structures and cultural modes, whether these are extended family systems, tribal, clans or more ...

Islamic Economy Theory and the Banking System

Insightinto Islamic Economics and Applications

In the troubled global economic environment, Islamic Banking is a dream of Muslims' faith that call for abolishing the assumed usury profits, e.g., banks interest rates, integrating small entrepreneurs into the official financing institutions and supporting national development. That requires an economic system that contains specific banking structure that cater for the mentioned targets. The so-called Islamic Banking in Sudan was introduced in the 1980's of the previous century. That banking system expanded with the Islamic National Salvation seizing of power in the country. However, its modus operandi seems similar to traditional banking in providing short term financing, less for national development projects, dubious poverty alleviation schemes and high rates of interests for financing customers. Most financing goes to big companies, importers and exporters and merchants. The case study is Omdurman National Bank which all the previously mentioned parameters typically applied for it operational mode. The study concludes that there were no visible differences between the banking rules carried out in both traditional and Islamic banks in Sudan. The financing modes are probably because of the country's instable economic performance and loose application of the Islamic finance. Moreover, it is probably of loose interpretations of the Islamic Sharia'a.

In the troubled global economic environment, Islamic Banking is a dream of Muslims' faith that call for abolishing the assumed usury profits, e.g., banks interest rates, integrating small entrepreneurs into the official financing ...

The Islamic Debt Market for Sukuk Securities

The Theory and Practice of Profit Sharing Investment

The relatively new sukuk (or Islamic debt securities) markets have grown to more than US $800 billion over the past decade, and continue to grow at a rate of around 20-30 per cent per year. Arguably the first of its kind, this path-breaking book provides a highly unique reference tool relating to key issues surrounding sukuk markets, which are found in 12 major financial centres, including Kuala Lumpur, London and Zurich. The internationally renowned contributors present an in-depth study of sukuk securities, beginning with a comprehensive definition and history. They go on to discuss Islamic financial concepts and practices that govern how sukuk securities are issued, how markets are carefully regulated to protect investors, and how securities are designed to safeguard invested money. The prospects and challenges of developing sukuk Islamic debt markets across the world are also illustrated. This comprehensive guide to sukuk markets will prove a fascinating and useful reference tool for academics, students, researchers and practitioners with an interest in Islamic finance, and, more specifically, in the nascent field of sukuk securities.

marketing. and. listing. of. sukuk. securities. Mohamed. Ariff. and. Shamsher. Mohamad1. 12.1. INTRODUCTION. The first Malaysian sukuk as a new Islamic financial debt security was issued as a private sector issue by Shell Company (M) ...

Combating Fake News with Computational Intelligence Techniques

This book presents the latest cutting-edge research, theoretical methods, and novel applications in the field of computational intelligence techniques and methods for combating fake news. Fake news is everywhere. Despite the efforts of major social network players such as Facebook and Twitter to fight disinformation, miracle cures and conspiracy theories continue to rain down on the net. Artificial intelligence can be a bulwark against the diversity of fake news on the Internet and social networks. This book discusses new models, practical solutions, and technological advances related to detecting and analyzing fake news based on computational intelligence models and techniques, to help decision-makers, managers, professionals, and researchers design new paradigms considering the unique opportunities associated with computational intelligence techniques. Further, the book helps readers understand computational intelligence techniques combating fake news in a systematic and straightforward way.

[15] stated, fake news publishers usually have an intent to mislead the reader and influence a larger group of people, and for that purpose, a specific style of writing is used, thus it is reasonable to make use of linguistic features ...

The Political Economy of Wasta

Use and Abuse of Social Capital Networking

The term "wasta " stems from the Arabic root for middle or medium' and describes the phenomenon of using connections to find job, government services or other favors to circumvent bureaucracy or bypass the system as a whole. The effects of "wasta " may be both positive or negative, and is not a phenomenon that is particular to the Arab or Muslim world, but also to many other cultures and regions of the world, with similar concepts popularly known as "ubuntu, guanxi, harambee, naoberschop, "or" old boy network " used in African, Chinese and European societies. By its very nature "wasta " is an area of grey or even black information, and, like corruption to which it is most often associated, is hard to assess although country corruption perception indexes attempt to provide a quantifiable basis. In the final analysis such ratings are based on "perceptions" of corruption, and this perception may vary strongly depending on different societal structures and cultural modes, whether these are extended family systems, tribal, clans or more atomized societies where relationships are essentially transactional and rule based. Ina western perspective where wasta may be considered as a form of corruption, in other societies it may be perceived as something natural and not criminal, and using one's'wasta ' in tribal societies to help clan members is seen as a duty. The difference stems from the 'innocent ' use of "'wasta' "to make introductions, as opposed to its abuse in placing unqualified persons in positions .The volume brings together academics and professional experts to examine a range of multi-faceted social, economic and political issues raised by the use and abuse of social networking, covering various topics like: "" wasta "interpersonal connections in family and business ties, ""The relationship between inequality-adjusted human development and corruption perception indexes in the Gulf region, """ wasta "and business networking, assessing the economic cost of wasta, "" wasta and its impact on quality oriented education reform and the perceptions of young people, ""The use of wasta to overcome socio-cultural barriers for women and men" The volume also offers insights into social relations and ethics, and how the use of "wasta " contradicts with common held religious principles, along with some country studies on Islamic principles and the use of" wasta ." Mohamed Ramady is a Visiting Associate Professor, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia. "

In the final analysis such ratings are based on perceptions of corruption, and this perception may vary strongly depending on different societal structures and cultural modes, whether these are extended family systems, tribal, clans or more ...

Cyber Worship in Multifaith Perspectives

Cyber Worship in Multifaith Perspectives, as is implied by its name, explores worship (i.e., Prayer, Praise, Scripture, Sacrament, Rituals, Confessions, Eucharist, Rites, Pilgrimages, Reflection, Contemplation, etc.) on the Internet. It is not an "everything you need to know" guide about the subjects of faith and belief, religions-online, religions on the Net, or religions in cyberspace. Rather, it is a book about religious and spiritual experience under the rubric, cyber worship, which is the variety of ways religious devotion is performed and carried out on the Internet. The term 'Cyber Worship' is a catchall phrase, which includes variants such as online worship, virtual worship, electronic prayer, cyber puja, cyber synagogue, and so on. Dr. Mohamed Taher has thus assembled a quick reference for two groups: those communities that are involved in Cyber Worship and business Webs that collaborate in sustaining wired environments. As such, this book provides an interesting and current perspective on a practice that will continue to grow in the future.

Praise : ( Hinduism continued ) Krishna Bhajans www.bhajans.org/txu krishna / krishna_264_csx.htm Practice Reading Slokhas - Mooshika Vahana ( Audio ) www.panchangam.com/moosh.htm.htın Practice Reading Slokhas - Shiva Stuthi ( Audio ) ...

History and Development of the Arabic Language

History and Development of the Arabic Language is a general introduction for students to the history of the Arabic language. It is divided into two parts; the pre-Islamic language up to the emergence of the first well-known works of Classical Arabic. Secondly, the transition from the pre-Islamic situation to the complex Arabic language forms after the emergence of Islam and the Arab conquests, both in Arabia and in the diaspora. The book focuses on the pre-Islamic linguistic situation, where the linguistic geography and relevant demographic aspects of pre-Islamic Arabia will be introduced. In addition, the book will also discuss the communicative contexts and varieties of Modern Arabic. The book includes readings, discussion questions and data sets to provide a complete textbook and resource for teachers and students of the history of Arabic.

Introduction -- The geography and demography of pre-Islamic Arabia -- Sources of the study of Arabic.

American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:1

The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (AJISS), established in 1984, is a quarterly, double blind peer-reviewed and interdisciplinary journal, published by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), and distributed worldwide. The journal showcases a wide variety of scholarly research on all facets of Islam and the Muslim world including subjects such as anthropology, history, philosophy and metaphysics, politics, psychology, religious law, and traditional Islam.

at the communicator and/or audience end of the communications transactions." Nevertheless, Pakistan's recent legislative adoption of the Shari'ah (Islamic law) into its legal system seems to make the need for conducting such research ...