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Changing Expectations for the K-12 Teacher Workforce

Policies, Preservice Education, Professional Development, and the Workplace

Teachers play a critical role in the success of their students, both academically and in regard to long term outcomes such as higher education participation and economic attainment. Expectations for teachers are increasing due to changing learning standards and a rapidly diversifying student population. At the same time, there are perceptions that the teaching workforce may be shifting toward a younger and less experienced demographic. These actual and perceived changes raise important questions about the ways teacher education may need to evolve in order to ensure that educators are able to meet the needs of students and provide them with classroom experiences that will put them on the path to future success. Changing Expectations for the K-12 Teacher Workforce: Policies, Preservice Education, Professional Development, and the Workplace explores the impact of the changing landscape of K-12 education and the potential for expansion of effective models, programs, and practices for teacher education. This report explores factors that contribute to understanding the current teacher workforce, changing expectations for teaching and learning, trends and developments in the teacher labor market, preservice teacher education, and opportunities for learning in the workplace and in-service professional development.

Policies, Preservice Education, Professional Development, and the Workplace National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, ...

Design Live Loads for Parking Garages

A Report to the Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers

Design Live Loads for Parking Garages provides a better understanding of parking garage live loads and recommends an appropriate value for design. Based on a load survey conducted in nine parking garages in Chicago and Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, and Cambridge and Boston, Massachusetts, statistical analyses were carried out of the Equivalent Uniform Distributed Loads (EUDL). These produce the maximum column axial loads and beam midspan moments that the building is expecting to experience during its lifetime. The dynamic amplifications due to vehicle motions on the decks and ramps were also investigated, and results suggest a possible reduction of the design live load from the current value of 50 psf, as stipulated in the ASCE-7 and Uniform Building Code, to 40 psf but with no allowance for reduction according to bay area.

This report provides a better understanding of parking garage live loads and recommends an appropriate value for design.