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The Crime of Aggression in International Criminal Law

Historical Development, Comparative Analysis and Present State

Since after the Second World War, the crime of aggression is – along with genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes – a “core crime” under international law. However, despite a formal recognition of aggression as a matter of international criminal law and the reinforcement of the international legal regulation of the use of force by States, numerous international armed conflicts occurred but no one was ever prosecuted for aggression since 1949. This book comprehensively analyses the historical development of the criminalisation of aggression, scrutinises in a detailed manner the relevant jurisprudence of the Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals as well as of the Nuremberg follow-up trials, and makes proposals for a more successful prosecution for aggression in the future. In identifying customary international law on the subject, the volume draws upon a wealth of applicable sources of national criminal law and puts forward a useful classification of States ́ legislative approaches towards the criminalisation of aggression at the national level. It also offers a detailed analysis of the current international legal regulation of the use of force and of the Rome Statute ́s substantive and procedural provisions pertaining to the exercise of the International Criminal Court ́s jurisdiction with respect to the crime of aggression, after 1 January 2017.

This book comprehensively analyses the historical development of the criminalisation of aggression, scrutinises in a detailed manner the relevant jurisprudence of the Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals as well as of the Nuremberg follow-up ...

The Fundamental Concept of Crime in International Criminal Law

A Comparative Law Analysis

This book examines the rapid development of the fundamental concept of a crime in international criminal law from a comparative law perspective. In this context, particular thought has been given to the catalyzing impact of the criminal law theory that has developed in major world legal systems upon the crystallization of the substantive part of international criminal law. This study offers a critical overview of international and domestic jurisprudence with regard to the construal of the concept of a crime (actus reus, mens rea, defences, modes of liability) and exposes roots of confusion in international criminal law through a comprehensive comparative analysis of substantive criminal laws in selected legal jurisdictions.

This book examines the rapid development of the fundamental concept of a crime in international criminal law from a comparative law perspective.

International Dictionary of Marketing and Communication

This dictionary covers marketing communications in the broadest sense, including advertising, but also extending to public relations which concerns many organizations not involved in marketing and which have little to do with advertising. Entries have been gathered from around the world, and this dictionary will therefore be valuable to those operating in an international environ ment where different term~, or terms with different spellings, are used. There are also terms with different meanings, depending on their country of origin. For example, in the UK newspapers are called press media, while in the USA the term print media is more usual. In the UK, print usually applies to printed items, such as sales or edu!;;ational literature. Likewise, there are big differences between European and American broadcasting systems, and sponsored radio or TV can mean different things around the world. Outdoor advertising also has different terminology in different countries, especially in North America and the UK. In many cases, alternative British and American terms are given, while some are either European or American. Some terminology is specific to a certain country. Entries have been collected from all parts of the world, including the oramedia or folk media of the Third World. Financial terms have been included because of their increasing im portance in advertising and public relations, and the dictionary reflects the increasing relevance of satellites and computers.

Ijara: Islamic banking function whereby bank buys equipment or real estate and, as owner, charges tenant rent. ... Groupistold about a number of people who use the same product or service differently or more or less frequently.

Precarious International Multicultural Education:Hegemony, Dissent and Rising Alternatives

Multiculturalism and multicultural education are at a paradoxical moment. There is work that continues as if the multicultural hegemony was still intact and on the other hand work articulated as if multiculturalism was decidedly passe. The essays in this collection will be of considerable interest to academics, policy makers and students of both multiculturalism and multicultural education principally because they touch on both perspectives but concentrate for the most part on the thorny problematic of the workings of multicultural education in its present precarious moment. Given the renewed, urgent attacks in various western countries, the cottage industry of “death of multiculturalism” texts and the rise of the interculturalism, transnationalism, diaspora alternatives, is multiculturalism dying? Are the ends of multiculturalism- the management or celebration of diversity; representation and recognition for all in society; creation of just and equitable communities at the global, national and local school classroom levels- better theorized and realized through the ascendant alternatives? Representing the precarious moment in Canada, Ireland, Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom, the essays in this collection address these questions and both depict and trouble hegemonic multicultural education and contrast it with its supposed successor regimes.

The essays in this collection will be of considerable interest to academics, policy makers and students of both multiculturalism and multicultural education principally because they touch on both perspectives but concentrate for the most ...

Enterprise Management Control Systems in China

This book provides an exhaustive view of China’s Management Control Systems (MCS), examining the development of theory and practice and presenting a framework that integrates China’s unique enterprise regulations, corporate culture and managerial mindset into management control systems. The work offers detail about the effects of China’s economic reforms on management control in Chinese enterprises and insightful comparisons with Western theory and Western examples. Readers will discover important themes and the evolution of theory in MCS, including discussions of frameworks and the links between management control and economics, management, accounting, cybernetics and system theory. Early chapters explore management control in Chinese enterprises during the period, especially the demands of (guidance, enforcement and external regulation) and the demand for (stakeholders, managers, investors) management control. The work moves on to explore Western management control theory and research, including an examination of the evolution of internal control theory. The author presents detailed perspectives on the elements of management control systems and introduces masterful new ideas and methods through four general control models and ten critical elements in the management control process. A view of management control in various different types of enterprise is presented, from special enterprises and small to medium enterprises to non-profit organizations. The standards for enterprise management control are explored. This work is a valuable practical guide for corporate management teams who wish to develop and execute their own internal control strategies. It will also provide foreign researchers, policy-makers and practitioners with a new perspective on Chinese management control experiences.

approach, cooperative social systems approach, sociotechnical system approach, decision theory approach, systems approach ... These approaches play the similar important guidance role in studying management control theories and methods, ...

Key Account Management in Business-to-Business Markets

An Assessment of Its Economic Value

Stefan Wengler provides a well founded answer to the question of the economic value and shows the need for the implementation of key account management. He presents a comprehensive, but easy-to-handle decision-making model that supports the decision on the most efficient key account management organization for individual companies. In addition, he gives a comprehensive overview on the key account management conception and its controlling tools.

Instead, the focus needs to be on the more advanced organization theory approaches like the systems approaches,” i.e. the resource dependence approach and the network approach,” and the new institutional approaches, i.e. transaction ...

Systems Approaches to Management

"Systems Thinking" is a new paradigm which could revolutionize management practice in the 21st century. This text provides a guide to the application of this paradigm in the field of management.

"Systems Thinking" is a new paradigm which could revolutionize management practice in the 21st century. This text provides a guide to the application of this paradigm in the field of management.

Noun Phrases and Nominalizations

The Syntax of DPs

In this doctoral dissertation offshoot, Siloni (Tel Aviv U., Israel) concentrates mainly on modern Hebrew in exploring "the wonders of nominal expressions": theoretical linguistic issues (supporting Chomsky's principles and parameters approach to an innate universal grammar faculty), as well as the structural syntactical functions of noun raising and genitival relations, event nominals, semi-relatives and reduced relatives, and verbal and nominal gerunds. A comparative analysis of the properties of Hebrew grammar with other Semitic and non-Semitic languages is also rendered. Abbreviations (not including "DP," however) and references are provided. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

In this doctoral dissertation offshoot, Siloni (Tel Aviv U., Israel) concentrates mainly on modern Hebrew in exploring "the wonders of nominal expressions": theoretical linguistic issues (supporting Chomsky's principles and parameters ...

Customer Relationship Management

The Ultimate Guide to the Efficient Use of CRM

This HOTT Guide defines CRM from different points of view: sales, marketing, customer support and technology. By presenting white papers on the technology, business cases, reports sharing the major trends occurring in the CRM marketplace, interviews with experts in the CRM-field, and a special chapter dedicated to the implementation of CRM in callcenters, the reader will have the most complete file on CRM possible at his disposition.

This HOTT Guide defines CRM from different points of view: sales, marketing, customer support and technology.

Analytical CRM

Developing and Maintaining Profitable Customer Relationships in Non-Contractual Settings

Using empirical analyses on the basis of sound theoretical foundations, Markus Wübben shows how customer relationships can be broadened, i.e., how customers’ cross-buying behavior can be stimulated and how customers’ relationship length and depth, meaning customers’ activity and purchase-levels, can be predicted.

This is a common scenario for many businesses such as retailers, hotels, and airlines.