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Immunity and International Criminal Law

This book debates the issues raised by international crimes. It highlights the two competing international law needs that must be addressed in this situation: the pursuit of international justice, and the maintenance of international peace and security.

This book debates the issues raised by international crimes.

Domesticating International Criminal Law

Reflections on the Italian and German Experiences

This book provides an essential and critical overview of the most significant issues concerning the domestication of international criminal law, in particular with regard to the implementation of the ICC Statute. It discusses the most recent proposals for reform of the German Völkerstrafgesetzbuch 20 years after its adoption, as well as it introduces the project for an Italian code of international crimes drafted by the Committee of experts established in 2022 by the Ministry of Justice. Following the adoption of the ICC Statute, many States, including Germany with the 'Völkerstrafgesetzbuch', introduced specific legislation to incorporate international criminal law into their domestic legal systems and have been investigating and prosecuting war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and even aggression ever since. 25 years later, however, the process is not completed as other countries, like Italy, are still in the way to adopt provisions on international crimes. This book opens with a broad overview of the different approaches of the domestication of international criminal law, with a specific focus on the German and the Italian systems. After an assessment of the prerequisites for the domestic implementation of international criminal law, also from a constitutional law perspective, each chapter offers an in-depth analysis of a specific issue, such as: the definition of international crimes (genocide and crimes against humanity, war crimes and aggression); the applicability of and exceptions to the general principles of domestic criminal law; the regulation of individual criminal responsibility; the sanctioning process; as well as procedural aspects related to immunities, jurisdiction and prosecutorial discretion. The strong academic perspective of the authors is well complemented by an equally strong practitioner perspective, provided by legal scholars in the highest positions in International and national judicial institutions, resulting in a well-informed and critical appraisal of the most recent developments overall in the international criminal justice system. Domesticating International Criminal Law will be of great interest to legal scholars and students, as well as practitioners with an interest in comparative and international law, international criminal law and international relations.

This book provides an essential and critical overview of the most significant issues concerning the domestication of international criminal law, in particular with regard to the implementation of the ICC Statute.

The Criminal Law of Genocide

International, Comparative and Contextual Aspects

This volume presents a contextual view of genocide which allows a consideration of the social and political concepts of the crime and of its historical dimensions as well as its legal treatment. It also suggests alternative justice solutions to the phenomenon of genocide.

This volume presents a contextual view of genocide which allows a consideration of the social and political concepts of the crime and of its historical dimensions as well as its legal treatment.

The Concept of Genocide in International Criminal Law

Developments after Lemkin

This book presents a review of historical and emerging legal issues that concern the interpretation of the international crime of genocide. The Polish legal expert Raphael Lemkin formulated the concept of genocide during the Nazi occupation of Europe, and it was then incorporated into the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This volume looks at the issues that are raised both by the existing international law definition of genocide and by the possible developments that continue to emerge under international criminal law. The authors consider how the concept of genocide might be used in different contexts, and see whether the definition in the 1948 convention may need some revision, also in the light of the original ideas that were expressed by Lemkin. The book focuses on specific themes that allow the reader to understand some of the problems related to the legal definition of genocide, in the context of historical and recent developments. As a valuable contribution to the debate on the significance, meaning and application of the crime of genocide the book will be essential reading for students and academics working in the areas of Legal History, International Criminal Law, Human Rights, and Genocide Studies.

This book presents a review of historical and emerging legal issues that concern the interpretation of the international crime of genocide.

International Criminal Law in Context

International Criminal Law in Context provides a critical and contextual introduction to the fundamentals of international criminal law. It goes beyond a doctrinal analysis focused on the practice of international tribunals to draw on a variety of perspectives, capturing the complex processes of internationalisation that criminal law has experienced over the past few decades. The book considers international criminal law in context and seeks to account for the political and cultural factors that have influenced – and that continue to influence – this still-emerging body of law. Considering the substance, procedures, objectives, justifications and impacts of international criminal law, it addresses such topics as: • the history of international criminal law; • the subjects of international criminal law; • transitional justice and international criminal justice; • genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression; • sexual and gender-based crimes; • international and hybrid criminal tribunals; • sentencing under international criminal law; and • the role of victims in international criminal procedure. The book will appeal to those who want to study international criminal law in a critical and contextualised way. Presenting original research, it will also be of interest to scholars and practitioners already familiar with the main legal and policy issues relating to this body of law.

The book considers international criminal law in context and seeks to account for the political and cultural factors that have influenced – and that continue to influence – this still-emerging body of law.

Universal Jurisdiction in International Criminal Law

The Debate and the Battle for Hegemony

With the sensational arrest of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet in 1998, the rise to prominence of universal jurisdiction over crimes against international law seemed to be assured. The arrest of Pinochet and the ensuing proceedings before the UK courts brought universal jurisdiction into the foreground of the "fight against impunity" and the principle was read as an important complementary mechanism for international justice –one that could offer justice to victims denied an avenue by the limited jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals. Yet by the time of the International Court of Justice’s Arrest Warrant judgment four years later, the picture looked much bleaker and the principle was being read as a potential tool for politically motivated trials. This book explores the debate over universal jurisdiction in international criminal law, aiming to unpack a practice in which international lawyers continue to disagree over the concept of universal jurisdiction. Using Martti Koskenniemi’s work as a foil, this book exposes the argumentative techniques in operation in national and international adjudication since the 1990s. Drawing on overarching patterns within the debate, Aisling O’Sullivan argues that it is bounded by a tension between contrasting political preferences or positions, labelled as moralist ("ending impunity") and formalist ("avoiding abuse") and she reads the debate as a movement of hegemonic and counter-hegemonic positions that struggle for hegemonic control. However, she draws out how these positions (moralist/formalist) merge into one another and this produces a tendency towards a "middle" position that continues to prefer a particular preference (moralist or formalist). Aisling O’Sullivan then traces the transformation towards this tendency that reflects an internal split among international lawyers between building a utopia ("court of humanity") and recognizing its impossibility of being realized.

This book explores the debate over universal jurisdiction in international criminal law, aiming to unpack a practice in which international lawyers continue to disagree over the concept of universal jurisdiction.

Routledge Handbook of International Criminal Law

International criminal law has developed extraordinarily quickly over the last decade, with the creation of ad hoc tribunals in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and the establishment of a permanent International Criminal Court. This book provides a timely and comprehensive survey of emerging and existing areas of international criminal law. The Handbook features new, specially commissioned papers by a range of international and leading experts in the field. It contains reflections on the theoretical aspects and contemporary debates in international criminal law. The book is split into four parts for ease of reference: The Historical and Institutional Framework – Sets international criminal law firmly in context with individual chapters on the important developments and key institutions which have been established. The Crimes – Identifies and analyses international crimes, including a chapter on aggression. The Practice of International Tribunals – Focuses on topics relating to the practice and procedure of international criminal law. Key Issues in International Criminal Law – Goes on to explore issues of importance such as universal jurisdiction, amnesties and international criminal law and human rights. Providing easy access to up-to-date and authoritative articles covering all key aspects of international criminal law, this book is an essential reference work for students, scholars and practitioners working in the field.

This book provides a timely and comprehensive survey of emerging and existing areas of international criminal law. The Handbook features new, specially commissioned papers by a range of international and leading experts in the field.

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets

A Modern Introduction to Macroeconomics

This innovative text offers an introduction to money, banking, and financial markets, with a special emphasis on the importance of confidence and trust in the macroeconomic system. It also presents the theory of endogenous money creation, in contrast to the standard money multiplier and fractional reserve explanation found in other textbooks. The U.S. economy and financial institutions are used to explain the theoretical and practical framework, with international examples weaved in throughout the text. It covers key topics including monetary policy, fiscal policy, accounting principles, credit creation, central banks, and government treasuries. Additionally, the book considers the international economy, including exchange rates, the Eurozone, Chinese monetary policy, and reserve currencies. Taking a broad look at the financial system, it also looks at banking regulation, cryptocurrencies, real estate, and the oil and gold commodity markets. Students are supported with chapter objectives, key terms, and problems. A test bank is available for instructors. This is an accessible introductory textbook for courses on money and banking, macroeconomics, monetary policy, and financial markets.

The U.S. Treasury Department is not an independent entity by any means—it is owned by the American citizens. Created by an act of Congress in 1798, it is the department of the U.S. government that is responsible for managing the ...

Financial Services Marketing

An International Guide to Principles and Practice

This new edition balances the theoretical and the practical for advanced undergraduates, those specialising in financial services at postgraduate level, individuals undertaking professional courses such as those offered by the IFS School of Finance, and employees working within the financial services sector. Ennew & Waite draw from global business cases in both B2B and B2C marketing, taking a unique approach in terms of structure by splitting discussion between marketing for acquisition and marketing for retention. This fully updated and revised second edition features: A revised approach to the industry in the light of the global financial crisis, including ethical considerations, consumer confidence issues, and new approaches to regulation New sections on e-commerce and its impact on customer relationships New case studies and vignettes A new companion website to support teaching, including PowerPoint slides, test bank questions, additional cases and cameo video mini-lectures. Financial Services Marketing 2e will help the student and the practitioner to develop a firm grounding in the fundamentals of financial services strategy, customer acquisition and customer development. Reflecting the realities of financial services marketing in an increasingly complex sector, it provides the most up-to-date, international and practical guide to the subject available.

... 200, 213 Investing 51 invest to grow 99 investment-based entry 215 Islamic banking products 97, 120 Islamic financial services 187, 203, 251–3 Islamic law 120 IT-based distribution methods 316 IVR (automatic call-handling procedure) ...

The Routledge Companion to Ethnic Marketing

The globalization of marketing has brought about an interesting paradox: as the discipline becomes more global, the need to understand cultural differences becomes all the more crucial. This is the challenge in an increasingly international marketplace and a problem that the world's most powerful businesses must solve. From this challenge has grown the exciting discipline of ethnic marketing, which seeks to understand the considerable opportunities and challenges presented by cultural and ethnic diversity in the marketplace. To date, scholarship in the area has been lively but disparate. This volume brings together cutting-edge research on ethnic marketing from thought leaders across the world. Each chapter covers a key theme, reflecting the increasing diversity of the latest research, including models of culture change, parenting and socialization, responses to web and advertising, role of space and social innovation in ethnic marketing, ethnic consumer decision making, religiosity, differing attitudes to materialism, acculturation, targeting and ethical and public policy issues. The result is a solid framework and a comprehensive reference point for consumer researchers, students, and practitioners.

The Raghuram Rajan Committee, appointed by the RBI, also recommended Islamic finance and banking for the Muslim minority ... financial products specifically for the minority customers to further boost India's financial service sector.