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Understanding Education Policy

The ‘Four Education Orientations’ Framework

Analysis of education policy often follows a particular orientation, such as conservative or neo-liberal. Yet, readers are often left to wonder the true meaning and conceptual framing behind these orientations. Without this knowledge, the policy analysis lacks true rigor, its value is diminished as the results may prove difficult to reproduce. Understanding Education Policy provides an overarching framework of four key orientations that lie beneath much policy analysis, yet are rarely used with accuracy: conservative, liberal, critical and post-modern. It details each orientation's application to policy making, implementation and overall impact. The book also argues the value of analysing a policy’s orientation to improve the clarity of its analysis and allow broader trends across the education policy field to emerge. The book offers practical examples, key vocabulary and reflection activities which give equitable, yet critical consideration to all education orientations. This allows readers to see the benefits and disadvantages of each perspective and discover their own biases. This introduction to education policy analysis offers theoretically broad, highly practical coverage. It is adaptable to many kinds of policy analysis areas and will appeal to a wide range of readers with an interest in education policy, from students conducting specific research to policy makers looking for a deeper way to re-think their work.

The book also argues the value of analysing a policy’s orientation to improve the clarity of its analysis and allow broader trends across the education policy field to emerge.

Learning and Doing Policy Analysis in Education: Examining Diverse Approaches to Increasing Educational Access

This book originated in a policy analysis class at Michigan State University taught during 2010. Using Professor Tatto’s unique approach to teaching policy analysis, the professor and students agreed to construct a class that represented a reflective and grounded experience in the policy analysis of a current and relevant issue with global ramifications; we began exploring policies that were developed at the global level and that were implemented locally. We investigated the surge of globally developed standards and regulations in an effort to improve education. Our goal was to learn cross-nationally about policies that seek to reform curriculum and instruction under efficiency and global competitiveness arguments, such as Education for All (EFA) and its USA cousin No Child Left Behind (NCLB). We knew our work would be bounded by the time available in a one-semester class, and by resource constraints. We did exploratory inquiry supported by literature reviews, reports on rigorous research studies, and in one case an exploratory case study. The policies we chose to explore, such as EFA and NCLB, offered us the opportunity to examine current reform tendencies that are intended to provide access to quality education for all children, the preparation of teachers to support diverse populations, the organization of schools to accommodate these children in response to vague policy mandates, and power issues affecting the different constituencies and stakeholders. The effects of these and other policies were difficult to track because research is scant and decisions are frequently made based on ideology or political persuasion. Our purpose was to explore the critical issues that originated such policies, and to search for documented evidence regarding policy implementation and effectiveness. We investigated the factors that seemed to interfere with successful implementation, from conceptual, theoretical, and methodological perspectives. In this class we learned that there are not ready-set frameworks for policy analysis, but rather that these have to be constructed according to the issues that emerge as policies are conceptualized and implemented to fit local contexts and needs. The book pays particular attention to the contexts of policy, including the evolving conceptualization of global and local systems of governance, knowledge regimes, and policy spaces. The book is designed for faculty and doctoral students in education who are interested in understanding diverse frameworks for policy analysis, and for those in the general public who are interested in the policies we analyze here.

This book is not a synthesis of the policy analysis literature. With the exception of the section that immediately follows this section and the course syllabus included in the appendix to this chapter, the book does not provide a ...

Planning the Development of Builders, Leaders and Managers for 21st-Century Business: Curriculum Review at Columbia Business School

Business and management education has an important impact on business practice throughout the world. To a very large extent, possession of the MBA degree is a passport into the upper reaches of management, and CEOs of many major corporations have earned an MBA. It is a reasonable inference that the education received by these leaders and managers during their MBA experience has an important impact on the way that businesses throughout the world are led and managed and that major corporate decisions are made. The heart of the MBA education is the curriculum, and curriculum design is perhaps the most important strategic function for a business school faculty to undertake. In order to understand the many issues concerning this contemporary curriculum review, this book examines three related contextual domains. First, it details the long-term growth of business and management education. Second, it examines the major theoretical and empirical literatures on organizational evolution and decision making, paying special attention to decision making in institutions of higher education. Finally, the book describes the previous major curriculum review at Columbia Business School in the late 1950s and the subsequent changes that formed the curriculum that was changed in 1992. This book demonstrates what can be achieved by an institution that sets high standards for its business education, and assists faculty and administrators in other schools of business and management as they contemplate revision of their curricula. In addition, it provides a prime example of curriculum design effort in one of the leading institutions worldwide. Finally, it will be of interest to scholars in several different fields, notably, higher education curriculum review, organizational decision making and long-run organizational evolution.

First, CRC members believed the two economics courses had become little different from introductory undergraduate ... the new program should use state-of-the-art adult learning technologies; the curriculum change process should be led ...

The Economics and Regulation of Financial Privacy

An International Comparison of Credit Reporting Systems

This book provides the first in-depth analysis of the topic, offering an international comparison of credit reporting systems. Coverage includes competition in information markets, the microeconomics of information and privacy, and economic incentives to disclose or to conceal information. The book examines the history of credit reporting agencies and the regulation of privacy and credit reporting around the world. Finally, it surveys the effects of credit reporting in credit markets worldwide.

This book provides the first in-depth analysis of the topic, offering an international comparison of credit reporting systems.

Advances in Cross-National Comparison

A European Working Book for Demographic and Socio-economic Variables

As the European Union grows together we are faced with an increasing number of European surveys and statistics that rely on national instruments or questionnaires. We lack valid instruments with functional equivalence that allow international comparative analysis. This problem is especially important in the case of demographic and socio-economic variables. The usual practice in comparative social research is to work with national questionnaires and classifications thereby making meaningful comparisons questionable. To overcome these problems this book offers rules of comparison, tested instruments and examples for the measurements of basic demographic and socio-economic variables. The book consists of five parts and a concluding chapter. Part 1 covers general problems and presents solutions for the harmonisation of data from different national and/or cultural contexts. In the second part EUROSTAT and ESOMAR present their established standard instruments. Tested instruments each covering one variable (i.e. occupation, education) are presented in the third part. The fourth part again includes suggested tools for the harmonisation of single variables for which standardised instruments are not yet available (i.e. age, religion, ethnicity, household, family, income). The last part presents selected empirical analyses demonstrating the use and fruitfulness of instruments presented before. This book is mainly written for two groups. First, researchers and practitioners involved in comparative research in Europe. Second, researchers working with data of the statistical offices of European countries and data from institutions of the European Union.

To overcome these problems this book offers rules of comparison, tested instruments and examples for the measurements of basic demographic and socio-economic variables. The book consists of five parts and a concluding chapter.

European Integration and the Governance of Higher Education and Research

The high level Douro seminars are now a well-established tradition in the annual activities promoted by Hedda, a European consortium of nine centres and ins- tutes devoted to research on higher education, and CIPES, its Portuguese associated centre. At the seminars, each member of a small group of invited researchers presents and discusses an original research-based paper that is revised afterwards taking into account the comments of the participating colleagues. The revised papers form the basis for the annual thematic book published by Springer in the book series called Higher Education Dynamics (HEDY). Paying tribute to the regularity of the seminars, it was decided that the volumes originating from the initiative would be collected in a ‘series in the series’ called the Douro Series. Previous seminars were dedicated to in-depth analyses of different aspects of higher education systems and institutions, including institutional governance, the emergence of managerialism, markets as instruments of public policy, cost-sharing and accessibility of students to higher education and developments in quality assurance. The present volume aims at analysing the change process which the European university is undergoing as a consequence of European integration efforts. In the case of higher education, these have materialised, amongst other things, in the - plementation of the Bologna process, while the Lisbon summit also has important consequences for the university. In March 2000, the Lisbon European Council set the goal for the EU to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based society in the world by 2010.

Benchmarks in higher education also came from quality and management concepts. The literature acknowledges the emergence of benchmarks in education from quality improvement techniques, such as Total Quality Management (TQM), ...

Frontier and Future Development of Information Technology in Medicine and Education

ITME 2013

IT changes everyday’s life, especially in education and medicine. The goal of ITME 2013 is to further explore the theoretical and practical issues of IT in education and medicine. It also aims to foster new ideas and collaboration between researchers and practitioners.

Liu S, Ren H (2006) The comparison between total quality management (TQM) and traditional management (TM). ... He Z, Lu J, Liu X, He S (2007) Design and development of the integrated quality management system IQMS2.0.

Decision-Oriented Educational Research

Decision-Oriented Educational Research considers a form of educational research that is designed to be directly relevant to the current information requirements of those who are shaping educational policy or managing edu cational systems. It was written for those who plan to conduct such research, as well as for policy makers and educational administrators who might have such research conducted for them. The book is divided into three main parts. Part I is background. Chapter 1 describes some of the basic themes that are woven throughout subsequent chapters on decision-oriented research. These themes include the impor tance of taking a systems view of educational research; of understanding the nature of decision and policy processes and how these influence system re search; of integrating research activities into the larger system's processes; of the role of management in the research process; of researchers and managers sharing a sense of educational purposes; and of emphasizing system improvement as a basic goal of research process. Chapter 2 is a discussion of the background of the research activities that form the bases of this book. Our collaboration with the Pittsburgh public school system is described, as are the methods and structure we used to build the case histories of our work with the district. Part II, encompassing chapters 3 through 9, addresses basic generaliza tions about decision-oriented educational research that we have derived from our experiences.

Unpublished manuscript, Center for Urban Studies, Cambridge. Eichhorn, D.H. (1966). The Middle School. New York: The Center for Applied Research in Education. Ein-Dor, P., and Segev, E. (1978). Organizational context and the success of ...

Comparative Economic Theory

Occidental and Islamic Perspectives

This text seeks to elucidate the nature and methodology of Islamic political economy, offering a comparative study of occidental thought in the same area. Topics of microeconomics and macroeconomic theory are covered.

This text seeks to elucidate the nature and methodology of Islamic political economy, offering a comparative study of occidental thought in the same area. Topics of microeconomics and macroeconomic theory are covered.