"This book provides researchers readers with a synthesis of current research on developing countries experience with e-commerce"--Provided by publisher.
Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 11(2). Bolongkikit, J., Obit, J.H., Asing, J.G. & Geoffrey, H. (2006). An Exploratory Research of the Usage Level of E-Commerce among SMEs in the West Coast of Sabah, Malaysia, ...
We estimate a structural model of the market for automatic teller machines (ATMs) in order to evaluate the implications of regulating ATM surcharges on ATM entry and consumer and producer surplus. We estimate the model using data on firm and consumer locations, and identify the parameters of the model by exploiting a source of local quasi-experimental variation, that the state of Iowa banned ATM surcharges during our sample period while the state of Minnesota did not. We develop new econometric methods that allow us to estimate the parameters of equilibrium models without computing equilibria. Monte Carlo evidence shows that the estimator performs well. We find that a ban on ATM surcharges reduces ATM entry by about 12 percent, increases consumer welfare by about 10 percent and lowers producer profits by about 10 percent. Total welfare remains about the same under regimes that permit or prohibit ATM surcharges and is about 17 percent lower than the surplus maximizing level. This paper can help shed light on the theoretically ambiguous implications of free entry on consumer and producer welfare for differentiated products industries in general and ATMs in particular.
We estimate a structural model of the market for automatic teller machines (ATMs) in order to evaluate the implications of regulating ATM surcharges on ATM entry and consumer and producer surplus.
An Analysis of Derivatives Instruments in Commodity Markets
This study addresses derivatives instruments in Islamic finance. It highlights the benefits of these instruments, their legal aspects and the appropriate alternatives. The forward, futures and options contracts in commodity markets are discussed and the arguments in favour of and against these instruments examined. The forward contracts issue includes the possibility of trading gold in forward basis, the forward market for currencies and the possible alternative to manage related risks. With the examination of futures contracts, the main arguments against such a contract are addressed, for example the sale prior to taking possession and the sale of debt hedging and speculation. The study proposes "khiyar al-shart" and "bay al-arbun" as tools of risk management and alternatives to options. The sale of pure rights is at the center of the admissibility of options in Islamic law and is investigated comprehensively.
of a litigation system to enforce contracts by counterparty increase the legal risks associated with Islamic financial agreements.1 Thus, risk is an ever-present factor, especially in business, but industrialization brought risks ...
Dalam hal ini emosi akan mempengaruhi keputusan yang akan diambil oleh individu khususnya manajer . sehingga setiap individu atau manajer harus memiliki kemampuan untuk mengatur dan mengelola emosinya agar dapat mengambil keputusan ...
“ Kesehatan jiwa diselenggararan untuk mewujudkan jiwa yang sehat secara optimal baik intelektual maupun emosional ” . Definisi sehat mengacu dari WHO dan UndangUndang No 23 tahun 1992 , mengarah pada sejahtera dari segi fisik ...
dalam bukunya, Sokhi Huda ingin menerangkan bahwa Shalawat Wahidiyah kini sudah menjadi fenomena baru dalam kultur masyarakat. "Shalawat Wahidiyah merupakan interpretasi terhadap Islam yang dilakukan secara genius oleh pendirinya dan ditransformasikan secara terus-menerus sehingga menjadi habitualisasi di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Ia merupakan tasawuf lokal yang menjadi ajang bagi para penganutnya untuk memenuhi gelegak keilahian dan menjadi wadah bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan spiritual yang tidak ada habis-habisnya.
formula jitu berantas judi, bangun filantropi, sejahterakan masyarakat dilengkapi dengan: himpunan peraturan tentang undian gratis berhadiah (UGB) dan pengumpulan uang atau barang (PUB)
formula jitu : berantas judi, bangun filantropi, sejahteraan masyarakat ; dilengkapi dengan : himpuan peraturan tentang Undian Gratis Berhadiah (UGB) dan Pengumpulan Uang atau Barang (PUB)
