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Strategi Pembelajaran Fiqih Kontemporer

Proses pembelajaran dalam mencapai tujuan kegiatan pembelajaran yang telah ditentukan. Dalam mengajar Pembelajaran Fiqih, seorang pendidik perlu menggunakan strategi pembelajaran untuk memudahkan dalam menyampaikan suatu materi Pembelajaran Fiqih pada peserta didik, sehingga peserta didik dapat dengan mudah mencerna dan memahami suatu materi pembelajaran dengan baik.

Proses pembelajaran dalam mencapai tujuan kegiatan pembelajaran yang telah ditentukan.

STRUKTUR KONSEPTUAL USHUL FIQH

Ushul fikih (bahasa Arab: أصول الفقه‎) adalah ilmu hukum dalam Islam yang mempelajari kaidah-kaidah, teori-teori dan sumber-sumber secara terperinci dalam proses menghasilkan hukum Islam yang diambil dari sumber-sumber tersebut. Pada mulanya, para ulama terlebih dahulu menyusun ilmu fiqh sesuai dengan Alquran, hadits, dan ijtihad para Sahabat. Setelah Penyebaran Agama Islam yang sangat cepat meluas, dan mulai banyak negara yang masuk kedalam daulah Islamiyah, maka semakin banyak kebudayaan yang masuk, dan menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai budaya baru ini yang tidak ada di zaman Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam. Maka para Ulama ahli Usul Fiqh menyusun kaidah sesuai dengan gramatika bahasa Arab yang disesuaikan dengan dalil yang digunakan oleh Ulama penyusun ilmu fiqh. Mekanisme pengambilan hukum dalam Islam harus berdasarkan sumber-sumber hukum yang telah dipaparkan ulama. Sumber-sumber hukum Islam terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu: sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Al-quran dan As-sunnah merupakan sumber primer. Hukum-hukum yang diambil langsung dari Alquran dan Sunnah sudah tidak bertambah dan disebut sebagai Syariah. Adapun sumber hukum sekunder yaitu ijma, qiyas, dan sumber hukum lain. Hukum-hukum yang diambil dari sumber sekunder disebut ilmu fiqh. Ijma dan Qiyas merupakan sumber hukum yang disepakati oleh empat mazhab fikih: Syafi'i, Maliki, Hanafi dan Hambali. Sumber hukum lain seperti kebiasaan masyarakat (Urf), perkataan sahabat, dan istihsan diperselisihkan kevalidannya di antara mazhab-mazhab yang ada. Sehingga didalam "Buku Struktur Konseptual Ushul Fiqh" ini, para tim penulis akan menjabarkan framework Teori Ushul Fiqh dari berbagai latar belakang dan pondasi dasar pemikirannya, sehingga dalam hal ini tim penulis menghimbau bagi para pembaca buku ini untuk bisa dengan seksama memahami buku ini sebagai perspektif gagasan yang dikumpulkan penulis dari berbagai sumber, sehingga diharapkan dapat mengambil manfaat baik dari isi yang terkandung dari buku ini.

Sehingga didalam "Buku Struktur Konseptual Ushul Fiqh" ini, para tim penulis akan menjabarkan framework Teori Ushul Fiqh dari berbagai latar belakang dan pondasi dasar pemikirannya, sehingga dalam hal ini tim penulis menghimbau bagi para ...

Lying, Cheating, and Stealing

A Moral Theory of White-collar Crime

Where should the line between serious criminal fraud and lawful 'puffing' be drawn? What constitutes tax evasion beyond mere 'tax avoidance'? What separates obstruction of justice from 'zealous advocacy', or insider trading from 'savvy investing'? Can we meaningfully distinguish bribery from 'campaign contributions', or perjury from 'wiliness' on the witness stand? A look at some of the most high profile white collar crime cases in recent history will quickly reveal that there can sometimes be a fine line between serious fraudulent conduct and behaviour which, though it might be shrewd, crafty, or even devious, is not ultimately criminal. According to the traditional conception of the criminal law, penal sanctions should be used as a 'last resort', applicable only to conduct that is truly and unambiguously blameworthy. White-collar crime poses a serious challenge to this traditional view. This is the first book to use the tools of moral and legal theory as a meansto examine a range of specific white-collar offenses, aiming to develop and apply a methodology that will allow us to make meaningful distinctions between genuine white collar criminality and merely aggressive business behavior. Particular attention is paid to the concept of moral wrongfulness, which is described in terms of violations of a range of familiar, but nevertheless powerful, moral norms that inform and shape the leading white-collar criminal offenses - norms against not only lying, cheating, and stealing, but also coercion, exploitation, disloyalty, promise-breaking, and defiance of law. It is through such analysis that the whole moral fabric of white-collar crime is brought into sharp relief.

"In the first in-depth study of its kind, Stuart Green exposes the ambiguities and uncertainties that pervade the white-collar crimes, and offers an approach to their solution.

Rethinking Crime and Deviance Theory

The Emergence of a Structuring Tradition

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Liberal Criminal Theory

Essays for Andreas von Hirsch

This book celebrates Andreas (Andrew) von Hirsch's pioneering contributions to liberal criminal theory. He is particularly noted for reinvigorating desert-based theories of punishment, for his development of principled normative constraints on the enactment of criminal laws, and for helping to bridge the gap between Anglo-American and German criminal law scholarship. Underpinning his work is a deep commitment to a liberal vision of the state. This collection brings together a distinguished group of international authors, who pay tribute to von Hirsch by engaging with topics on which he himself has focused. The essays range across sentencing theory, questions of criminalisation, and the relation between criminal law and the authority of the state. Together, they articulate and defend the ideal of a liberal criminal justice system, and present a fitting accolade to Andreas von Hirsch's scholarly life.

5 This includes the honorand's contribution to B Schünemann (ed), A Programme for European Criminal Justice (Cologne, ... of punishment based on the needs of victims plausible in other systems, such as Islamic criminal law.

The Rule of Law History, Theory and Criticism

Authors Costa and Zolo share the conviction that a proper understanding of the rule of law today requires reference to a global problematic horizon. This book offers some relevant guides for orienting the reader through a political and legal debate where the rule of law (and the doctrine of human rights) is a concept both controversial and significant at the national and international levels.

As argued by Archana Parashar, even though judges applied the rules of Hindu and Islamic laws, they interpreted them ... Macaulay's most important and lasting contribution to Indian law was the establishment of the Indian Criminal Code.

Logic

Depth Grammar of Rationality : a Textbook on the Science and History of Logic

Thus traditionally , contextual reasoning has been treated in the very limiting area of disputation and , predominantly ... of witnesses and questioning their legal weight in the case ) and the 346 Logic : Depth Grammar of Rationality.

From Natural Language Processing to Logic for Expert Systems

A Logic Based Approach to Artificial Intelligence

Covers some of the most significant applications of artificial intelligence, namely: natural language processing, speech understanding, expert system design, requirement engineering, machine learning, truth maintenance systems, advanced concepts and methods of logic programming. Together with the previous two volumes edited by Thayse, this completes a comprehensive exposition of the subject of logics applied to AI.

They are , however , only a special case of non - monotonic reasoning , already studied in [ Thayse 88 , Chap . ... The difficulty of processing inheritance networks depends on the restrictions imposed on the nature of legal links and ...

The Elements of Logic

Securities and Exchange Commission , 122 Self - contained arguments , 227–228 Sentence , 22 a posteriori , 26 a priori ... 79 Soledad Brothers Legal Committee , 220 Sorites , 81 Spinoza , Baruch , 79 , 285 Square of opposition , 44-47 ...

Applied Logic

... that we are reasoning extend a generalization beyond the probable from a generalization or because we have limits ... You making any comparative generalization about could insist on a legal contract , but that would the two stores ...