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Basic Concepts of Criminal Law

In the United States today criminal justice can vary from state to state, as various states alter the Modern Penal Code to suit their own local preferences and concerns. In Eastern Europe, the post-Communist countries are quickly adopting new criminal codes to reflect their specific national concerns as they gain autonomy from what was once a centralized Soviet policy. As commonalities among countries and states disintegrate, how are we to view the basic concepts of criminal law as a whole? Eminent legal scholar George Fletcher acknowledges that criminal law is becoming increasingly localized, with every country and state adopting their own conception of punishable behavior, determining their own definitions of offenses. Yet by taking a step back from the details and linguistic variations of the criminal codes, Fletcher is able to perceive an underlying unity among diverse systems of criminal justice. Challenging common assumptions, he discovers a unity that emerges not on the surface of statutory rules and case law but in the underlying debates that inform them. Basic Concepts of Criminal Law identifies a set of twelve distinctions that shape and guide the controversies that inevitably break out in every system of criminal justice. Devoting a chapter to each of these twelve concepts, Fletcher maps out what he considers to be the deep structure of all systems of criminal law. Understanding these distinctions will not only enable students to appreciate the universal fundamental ideas of criminal law, but will enable them to understand the significance of local details and variations. This accessible illustration of the unity of diverse systems of criminal justice will provoke and inform students and scholars of law and the philosophy of law, as well as lawyers seeking a better understanding of the law they practice.

In this text, Fletcher maintains that there is much greater unity among diverse systems of criminal justice than commonly realized, and that any adequate system of criminal law must address a set of universal, basic issues.

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Effective School Leadership

Responding to Change

`This is a zippy read arising out of the international project "effective leadership in a time of change", which grapples with the nature and practice of leadership (as opposed to management or administration) in schools' - Times Educational Supplement Who really runs the school - head teachers or governors? What do pupils think of their leaders and should they have a bigger role in school leadership? Is the United Kingdom obsessed with discipline and `strong leadership' as others suggest? Is New Public Management an insidious undermining of what is important and valuable in the UK educational system? The answers to these and other questions present surprises and challenges to the way things are seen in the UK. This book provides evidence from other countries that raises many questions about effective leadership and how it is seen from different viewpoints, and examines the issues in a political context and in relation to a changing world scene.

The answers to these and other questions present surprises and challenges to the way things are seen in the UK. This book provides evidence from other countries that raises many questions about effective leadership and how it is seen from ...