Most queuing analyses performed in the literature are based on characterization of queueing phenomena in continuous-time items. Recently in the telecommunication industries, BISDN (broadband integrated services digital network) has received considerable attention since it can provide a common interface for future communication needs including video, data, and speech. Since information in BISDN is transported by means of dicsrete units of 53-octet ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) cells, interests in discrete-time systems have increased. Discrete-Time Models for Communication Systems Including ATM provides a general framework for queueing analyses of dicrete-time systems. After a brief look at past studies of discrete-time systems, a detailed description and analysis are presented for a generic discrete-time model with a single server, arbitrary service times and independent arrivals. The book then follows a less stringent approach and focuses more on the average statistics and on different queueing disciplines. Conventional first-in-out and last-in-first-out disciplines are discussed in terms of the average statistics. Systems with multiple classes of messages without class-dependent priorities are considered to establish a discrete-time conservation law. Multiple classes with priorities are also considered to derive performance measures of priority scheduling disciplines. Finally, a multi-queue system with cyclic service is analyzed in the context of round-robin service ordering. This is followed by analyses of discrete-time queueing systems with `more complicate' input and output processes. Specifically, single-server systems are investigated whereby either the arrivals or the server is subject to random interruptions. Results are mainly obtained in terms of generating functions and mean values of the principal performance measures. The influence of the nature of the arrival correlation and the server interruptions on the queueing behavior is discussed. Finally, the book explores queueing models directly associated with ATM switches and multiplexers. This book is a valuable reference and may be used as a text for and advanced course on the subject.
Finally, the book explores queueing models directly associated with ATM switches and multiplexers. This book is a valuable reference and may be used as a text for and advanced course on the subject.
Communicative Grammar Practice helps intermediate students improve their grammar accuracy. Intermediate-level students who have studied the basics of English grammar often make grammatical errors in everyday speech and writing. This text is designed to help those students improve their accuracy and extend their range of expression. High-interest material and topics make Communicative Grammar Practice enjoyable to use, and many of the exercises and tasks give students the opportunity to express their own ideas and opinions. Specially designed communication activities encourage genuine communication and exchange of information in pairs and small groups.
This text is designed to help those students improve their accuracy and extend their range of expression.
Communicative Grammar Practice helps intermediate students improve their grammar accuracy. Intermediate-level students who have studied the basics of English grammar often make grammatical errors in everyday speech and writing. Communicative Grammar Practice is designed to help those students improve their accuracy and extend their range of expression. High-interest material and topics make Communicative Grammar Practice enjoyable to use, and many of the exercises and tasks give students the opportunity to express their own ideas and opinions. Specially designed activities encourage genuine communication and exchange of information in pairs and small groups.
Communicative Grammar Practice helps intermediate students improve their grammar accuracy.
Volume 5 covers the dialects of England since 1776, the historical development of English in the former Celtic-speaking countries, and English other countries.
Volume 5 covers the dialects of England since 1776, the historical development of English in the former Celtic-speaking countries, and English other countries.
Emphasis on verb forms, complex structures, & grammar concepts using example & exercises to reinforce the development of speaking, listening, writing & reading abilities.
-- Teacher's guide/ Betty Schrampfer Azar, Barbara F. Matthies, Shelley Hartle -- Longman, 2001- 3rd.ed. -- Workbook -- Langman ,2000- 3rd.ed. -- Answer Key- 3rd.ed.
Emphasis on verb forms, complex structures, & grammar concepts using example & exercises to reinforce the development of speaking, listening, writing & reading abilities.
Emphasis on verb forms, complex structures, & grammar concepts using example & exercises to reinforce the development of speaking, listening, writing & reading abilities.
