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Modern Arabic

Structures, Functions, and Varieties

The revised and updated edition of Modern Arabic takes this authoritative, concise linguistic description of the structure and use of modern Arabic to an invaluable new level. Clive Holes traces the development of the Arabic language from Classical Arabic, the written language used in the 7th century for the Qur'an and poetry, through the increasingly symbiotic use of Modern Standard Arabic or MSA (the language of writing and formal speech) and dialectal Arabic (the language of normal conversation). He shows how Arabic has been shaped over the centuries by migration, urbanization, and education--giving us "a balanced, dispassionate, and accurate picture of the structures, functions, and varieties of the contemporary Arabic language." Holes explains the structural characteristics--phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and lexical and stylistic developments--that the majority of the dialects share, as distinguished from Modern Standard Arabic. He also shows how native speakers use both types of Arabic for different purposes, with MSA being the language of power and control as used on television and in political speeches, and the dialects serving as the language of intimacy and domesticity. He further shows how MSA and spoken dialects are not as compartmentalized as one might be led to believe. Modern Arabic illustrates the use of the Arabic language in real life, whether in conversation, news bulletins and newspaper articles, serious literature, or song. This new edition takes into account research published in several areas of Arabic linguistics since the first edition was published in 1995. It includes more extensive comment on the North African Arabic vocabulary of Modern Standard Arabic, more information about "mixed" varieties of written Arabic that are not in MSA (especially in Egypt), updated references, explanations, and many new examples. All Arabic is transcribed, except for an appendix presenting the Arabic alphabet and script. Students of the Arabic language will find Modern Arabic without peer--as will those general linguists who are interested in discovering how Arabic compares structurally and sociolinguistically with European languages.

This new edition takes into account research published in several areas of Arabic linguistics since the first edition was published in 1995.

Komunikasi Pendidikan

Buku ini membahas tentang hubungan antara manusia dengan komunikasi, komunikasi pendidikan, komunikasi dalam organisasi pendidikan, komunikasi guru dan peserta didik, komunikasi internal sekolah, komunikasi sekolah dan masyarakat, komunikasi sekolah dengan pemerintah, pembelajaran berbasis teknologi informasi, komunikasi tertulis, serta komunikasi dan kepemimpinan.

Buku ini membahas tentang hubungan antara manusia dengan komunikasi, komunikasi pendidikan, komunikasi dalam organisasi pendidikan, komunikasi guru dan peserta didik, komunikasi internal sekolah, komunikasi sekolah dan masyarakat, ...

Answering Questions, Reaching Goals

A Strategic Communication Science Approach to Applied Research Methods

This introduction to communication research methods takes the student from the conceptual beginnings of a research project through the design and analysis. Emphasizing the correct questions to ask and how to approach the answers, authors Gary Petty, Cheryl Campanella Bracken, and Elizabeth Babin approach social science methods as a language to be learned, requiring multiple sessions and reinforcement through practice. They explain the basics of conducting communication research, facilitating students' understanding of the operation and roles of research so that they can better critique and consume the materials in their classes and in the media. The book takes an applied methods approach, introducing students to the conceptual elements of communication science and then presenting these elements in a single study throughout the text, articulating the similarities and differences of individual methods along the way. The study is presented as a communication campaign, involving multiple methodologies. The approach highlights how one method can build upon another and emphasizes the fact that, given the nature of methodology, no single study can give complete answers to our research questions. Unique features of the text: It introduces students to research methods through a conceptual approach, and the authors demonstrate that the statistics are a tool of the concepts. It employs an accessible approach and casual voice to personalize the experience for the readers, leading them through the various stages and steps. The presentation of a communication campaign demonstrates each method discussed in the text. This campaign includes goals and objectives that will accompany the chapters, demonstrates each individual methodology, and includes research questions related to the communication campaign. The tools gained herein will enable students to review, use, understand, and critique research, including the various aspects of appropriateness, sophistication and utility of research they encounter.

The book takes an applied methods approach, introducing students to the conceptual elements of communication science and then presenting these elements in a single study throughout the text, articulating the similarities and differences of ...

Time and Project Management Strategies for Librarians

As budgets for libraries continue to shrink, the key challenge facing the 21st century librarian is finding how to do more with less. This book features more than thirty essays that provide valuable tips for the professional who must cope with increasing demands upon their resources. Librarians will get tips on how to identify the most important tasks for the library; eliminate non-essential functions and processes; increase reliance on volunteers, interns, and students; optimize daily routines; and more.

This book features more than thirty essays that provide valuable tips for the professional who must cope with increasing demands upon their resources.

Komunikasi Intruksional dalam Konteks Pendidikan

Pandangan Barat, Islam, dan Nusantara

Dalam sejarah, akal pikiran dan kesadaran diasah dalam kiat, teknik, atau metode tertentu. Umumnya dalam kehidupan modern sekarang, proses itu kita sebut sebagai pendidikan. Dan tempat proses itu dilakukan kita jumpa-kenali pada sekolah, entah yang terlembagakan secara formal atau pun sebaliknya. Ruang di mana anak-anak manusia diajarkan aneka ragam pengetahuan dan menjadi tempat berbagai ilmu pengetahuan dikomunikasikan oleh pengajar dan peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Namun, sering kali masalah utama dalam pembelajaran adalah tidak terkomunikasikannya pengetahuan atau pun pesan-pesan lainnya secara baik dan menyenangkan. Alhasil, kondisi mengakibatkan suasana belajar jadi hambar, berlangsung satu arah, dan membosankan. Atas keresahan itulah karya ini hadir. Buku ini secara khusus hendak menyingkap berbagai sudut pandang komunikasi instruksional, yang tidak lain merupakan himpunan bagian dari komunikasi pendidikan. Secara umum, buku ini dibagi menjadi tiga bagian. Bagian pertama membahas perkembangan disiplin kajian dan perspektif dalam studi komunikasi instruksional. Bagian kedua mengupas rinci relasi komunikasi instruksional dan Islam. Isu-isu yang dibahas meliputi komunikasi instruksional dalam perspektif Islam, karakteristik utama pendidikan dan pendidik dalam sistem pendidikan Islam, dan masih banyak lagi. Bagian ketiga mengupas komunikasi instruksional dalam perspektif lokal, meliputi bahasan filosofi pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara dan implikasinya dalam komunikasi instruksional.

Dalam sejarah, akal pikiran dan kesadaran diasah dalam kiat, teknik, atau metode tertentu.

KOMUNIKASI MASSA

(Menelusuri Eksistensi Surat Kabar Sebagai Pemenuhan Informasi Di Kalangan Tokoh Agama Islam)

Perkembangan bidang komunikasi dan informasi begitu cepat, terutama terkait dengan media komunikasi. Meskipun demikian, media massa khususnya surat kabar masih menarik kalangan tertentu. Hal itu disamping sebagai akses untuk informasi, juga seakan telah mentradisi. Kiranya surat kabar tetap bisa eksis bahkan dapat berkembang bersama media yang lain, sehingga dengan demikian hal ini memberikan banyak pilihan bagi masyarakat. Dikatakan bahwa informasi bagaikan komoditi yang bernilai tinggi, karena itu mencari informasi adalah menjadi suatu keharusan dan keniscayaan. Sehari saja tidak mendapatkan informasi seakan ada yang tertinggal dalam kehidupan.

(Menelusuri Eksistensi Surat Kabar Sebagai Pemenuhan Informasi Di Kalangan Tokoh Agama Islam) karena dapat menghibur, dan Harian Pos Metro karena dapat mengetahui berbagai peristiwa (kasus) dan tindak kriminal yang terjadi.

Business Communication in the Islamic World

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Communications - Intercultural Communication, grade: 1,3, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, course: Intercultural Communications, 5 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: What is it most people associate with thoughts of the Islamic or Arab World? It is true, no one will forget the horrible pictures of the Gulf Wars from 1980 to 1991 or the attack of radical Muslims on the USA on September 11, 2001, but dictators like Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden do not mirror the whole of the Islamic world. These radical Muslims and terror attacks are only exceptions, and it is not fair to see only this side. There are fanatics from other religions or racial offenders in the Western World as well, and it is unfair to think they are all the same because they belong to the same religious group. There are about 1.3 billion Muslims in the world and for the most part, they want only to exercise their religion without any aggressive intentions. When presented with the term “Arabic”, more traditional minds might think of men riding camels through the desert, wearing turbans. This is the more accurate image of the Islamic world; a very custom rich culture with an intense focus on hospitality . While both of these images are true, what people must recognize is the enormous business power these countries possess; and this power lies in much more than oil alone. Dubai, for example, is one of the fastest growing cities in the world with investments of hundreds of billions of US-dollars each year . It seems that there are no limits set in the world of the sheiks. In Dubai they have the Burj al-arab—the only seven-star hotel in the world—and a snow dome that offers skiing, even with the temperature outside at 50 . Furthermore, in Dubai they are building the 560 metres high Burj Dubai, which will be the highest skyscraper in the world after its completion . All this considered, it is obvious that it could be profitable to have a look at the Arabic countries for businessmen and investors. This was a short introduction to answer the question of “Why” conducting business with the Arabic world could be profitable. The following section will focus on the “How” aspect. I will explain how to cultivate a cooperative environment with Islamic business partners by describing their cultural views and customs, and what people should focus on or avoid in business transactions. It will be a general overview because Dubai is not like Bahrain, in the same way Germany is not like France, but there is one binding element for these countries – their religion.

Paper Business Communication in the Islamic World Leuphana Lüneburg Faculty II Intercultural Communications SS 2007 Frederik Wendisch 6th semester Lüneburg, June 28th 2007 Table of contents Table of contents I List of illustrations.

Practical Challenges in Customary Law Translation

The Case of Rwandaís Gacaca Law

The Rwandan justice system know as Gacaca, originally preserved by word of mouth was revived, documented, tested and used successfully to handle millions of legal cases in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide against the Tutsi. This monograph begins by depicting the general picture of customary law and ponders on the practical challenges in the production of the modern Gacaca law in three versions: Kinyarwanda, French and English. The author demonstrates that translation involves language use and transfer, as well as communication within a cultural setting. The book amply demonstrates that linguistic, textual, contextual and cultural cues in translation should not be downplayed. It also shows that the cultural turn in translation has transformed and re-conceptualised the translation theory to integrate non-western thought about translation discipline since time immemorial. A major theme within the book is that teranslation as a mediating form between cultures and contexts should not overlook cultural differences because language is a marker of identity.

A major theme within the book is that teranslation as a mediating form between cultures and contexts should not overlook cultural differences because language is a marker of identity.

Citizenship

Passing the Test, Civics and Literacy

Provides definitions of key concepts about American history and government used in the citizenship examination and interview.

Provides definitions of key concepts about American history and government used in the citizenship examination and interview.

Fundamentals of Collection Development and Management

Addresses the art of controlling and updating your library's collection. Discussions of the importance and logistics of electronic resources are integrated throughout the book.

Adresses the art of controlling and updating your library's collection. Discussions of the importance and logistics of electronic resources are integrated throughout the book.