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Modern Arabic

Structures, Functions, and Varieties

The revised and updated edition of Modern Arabic takes this authoritative, concise linguistic description of the structure and use of modern Arabic to an invaluable new level. Clive Holes traces the development of the Arabic language from Classical Arabic, the written language used in the 7th century for the Qur'an and poetry, through the increasingly symbiotic use of Modern Standard Arabic or MSA (the language of writing and formal speech) and dialectal Arabic (the language of normal conversation). He shows how Arabic has been shaped over the centuries by migration, urbanization, and education--giving us "a balanced, dispassionate, and accurate picture of the structures, functions, and varieties of the contemporary Arabic language." Holes explains the structural characteristics--phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and lexical and stylistic developments--that the majority of the dialects share, as distinguished from Modern Standard Arabic. He also shows how native speakers use both types of Arabic for different purposes, with MSA being the language of power and control as used on television and in political speeches, and the dialects serving as the language of intimacy and domesticity. He further shows how MSA and spoken dialects are not as compartmentalized as one might be led to believe. Modern Arabic illustrates the use of the Arabic language in real life, whether in conversation, news bulletins and newspaper articles, serious literature, or song. This new edition takes into account research published in several areas of Arabic linguistics since the first edition was published in 1995. It includes more extensive comment on the North African Arabic vocabulary of Modern Standard Arabic, more information about "mixed" varieties of written Arabic that are not in MSA (especially in Egypt), updated references, explanations, and many new examples. All Arabic is transcribed, except for an appendix presenting the Arabic alphabet and script. Students of the Arabic language will find Modern Arabic without peer--as will those general linguists who are interested in discovering how Arabic compares structurally and sociolinguistically with European languages.

This new edition takes into account research published in several areas of Arabic linguistics since the first edition was published in 1995.

The Image of Mahatma Gandhi in Modern Arabic Literature

A huge body of literature has been produced on the life and contribution of Mahatma Gandhi in different languages of the world. The Arabic language is no exception. The Indian freedom movement under the leadership of Gandhi had a great impact on the Arab intelligentsia who nourished the nationalist momentum of the Arab masses. Greatly inspired by the Indian national movement for freedom launched on secular lines, the Arabs started paying attention to India's historical background of independence as well as to its vast moral and spiritual potentialities. The leaders of the rising Arab nationalism looked eagerly to India for inspiration, thereby marking the beginning of the restoration of the age-old Indo-Arab relations that had suffered a temporary setback following the falling of both India and the Arab world under foreign domination. The teachings and principles of Mahatma Gandhi attracted the attention of Arab intelligentsia and men of letters. In the course of time he became so popular in the Arab world that all his minor and major activities were sympathetically reported in the Egyptian press. Several renowned Arab journalists, writers and poets wrote articles, books and poetical compositions on different aspects of the life of Gandhi which cannot be neglected by historians while making an overall assessment of his life and personality. The present book is the first systematic attempt at illuminating his image as reflected in the voluminous modern Arabic literature produced on him in both prose and poetry.

The present book is the first systematic attempt at illuminating his image as reflected in the voluminous modern Arabic literature produced on him in both prose and poetry.

An Introduction to the History of Modern Arabic Literature in Egypt

By J. Brugman

By the end of the twenties the movement towards a national culture reached a culminating point . ... flooding Egypt.16 The wave culminated in a solemn " summons ” ( da'wah ) to create a national literature , which was published on July ...