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KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN

Hand Out Mata Kuliah Kebijkan Pendidikan

Kebijakan lahir seiring dengan bertambah banyaknya populasi manusia dan kompleksitas kebutuhan, kepentingan dan tuntutan kehidupan. Perlakuan terhadap anggota masyarakat tidak lagi bisa terjadi secara orang perorang. Untuk tetap dapat menjaga keutuhan dan kelangsungan hidup, manusia membuat peraturan-peraturan yang ditetapkan penguasa maupun atas kesepakatan diantara mereka untuk dipatuhi, dilaksanakan dan diawasi bersama. Perjalanan kehidupan manusia yang dimulai dari adanya Adam Hawa sampai kini berjumlah lebih dari 2 milyar merupakan sejarah panjang yang telah melahirkan berbagai ”hasil budaya”yang salah satunya adalah adanya prinsip-prinsip yang dipahami sebagai suatu disiplin untuk mengadministrasikan keberadaan organisasi dan permasalahan-permasalahannya dengan segala kearifan dan kebijaksanaan (policies). Pada mulanya, Kebijakan lahir karena ingin memberi aktiftas-aktifitas yang bermakna bagi masyarakat untuk tetap dapat mewariskan nilai-nilai budaya pada generasi penerusnya. Namun seiring dengan semakin bervariasinya kebutuhan dan tuntutan yang melahirkan berbagai permalahan dan dengan berkembangnya kajian-kajian keilmuan administrasi dan kebijakan. Kebijakan menjadi suatu keputusan-keputusan sebagai ketetapan yang mengikat warganegara dan ditunjukan untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah pelik, ‟sering terjadi‟dan bersifat umum. Pendidikan merupakan proses sosial untuk mewariskan nilai-nilai kehidupan generasi pendahulunya ke generasi penerusnya agar tetap terpelihara, terjaga dan terkembangkan. Untuk itu, keberadaan pendidikan tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan peran yang diemban pemerintah sebagai penguasa. Hal ini disebabkan karena kompleksitas penyelenggaraan, substansi dan keberlanjutan (sustainability) pendidikan yang diselenggarakan masyarakat sangat beragam dan membutuhkan campur tangan penguasa/pemerintah untuk memelihara dan mengembangkannya secara terintgrasi dan berkualitas. Di samping itu, masyarakat memiliki keterbatasan sedangkan pemerintah memiliki kekuatan (power) dan kewenangan (authority) yang dapat menjamin keberadaan dan keberlangsungan pendidikan. Tidak menutup kemungkinan dalam proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan diwarnai dengan pertentangan dan konflik serta dihadapkan dengan berbagai permasalahan-permasalahan yang sulit ditangani masyarakat dan intervensi pemerintah berupa kebijakan diharapkan menjadi solusi terbaik.

Tidak menutup kemungkinan dalam proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan diwarnai dengan pertentangan dan konflik serta dihadapkan dengan berbagai permasalahan-permasalahan yang sulit ditangani masyarakat dan intervensi pemerintah berupa kebijakan ...

Office Management of Medical and Surgical Heart Disease

A Concise Guide for Physicians

Much of this debate has been sustained by the difficulties in applying the conclusions of large-scale prospective randomized studies in heterogenous populations to specific management problems in specific patients [3, 13].

Character Matters

How to Help Our Children Develop Good Judgment, Integrity, and Other Essential Virtues

The author introduces his Character Education program, designed to give parents and teachers the essential tools and strategies for raising responsible, conscientious, and compassionate children.

The author introduces his Character Education program, designed to give parents and teachers the essential tools and strategies for raising responsible, conscientious, and compassionate children.

International Criminal Law in Context

International Criminal Law in Context provides a critical and contextual introduction to the fundamentals of international criminal law. It goes beyond a doctrinal analysis focused on the practice of international tribunals to draw on a variety of perspectives, capturing the complex processes of internationalisation that criminal law has experienced over the past few decades. The book considers international criminal law in context and seeks to account for the political and cultural factors that have influenced – and that continue to influence – this still-emerging body of law. Considering the substance, procedures, objectives, justifications and impacts of international criminal law, it addresses such topics as: • the history of international criminal law; • the subjects of international criminal law; • transitional justice and international criminal justice; • genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression; • sexual and gender-based crimes; • international and hybrid criminal tribunals; • sentencing under international criminal law; and • the role of victims in international criminal procedure. The book will appeal to those who want to study international criminal law in a critical and contextualised way. Presenting original research, it will also be of interest to scholars and practitioners already familiar with the main legal and policy issues relating to this body of law.

The book considers international criminal law in context and seeks to account for the political and cultural factors that have influenced – and that continue to influence – this still-emerging body of law.

Islamic Banking in Practice, Volume 2

Sukuk

This is How Islamic Banking Really Works Volume 2 of the "Islamic Banking in Practice" series covers the broad and subtle subject of Sukuk. In a sector where publications focus on theory and are rarely written by experienced practitioners, the "Islamic Banking in Practice" series concentrates firmly on market practice. Sukuks (sometimes referred to as Islamic versions of bonds) are one of the most visible products in Islamic banking, and their global reach has ensured a rapid growth in issuance. This volume will explain how Sukuks work and why they were created. The reader will be guided in how to structure a Sukuk product from first principles of Islamic commercial law. We will discover how a simple purchase of an asset can evolve into a complex structure to issue a $1bn Sukuk. Most of the different major types of Sukuk in issuance will also be described in detail, such as: Ijara Sukuk Mudarabah Sukuk Wakala Sukuk Musharakah Sukuk Hybrid Sukuk Perpetual Sukuk Project Finance / Istisna Sukuk Murabaha Sukuk Equity-linked or convertible or exchangeable Sukuk This will be reinforced through the presentation and detailed analysis of market transactions by examination of prospectuses that are publicly available. At all stages, the focus will be on the aspects of Sukuk that relate to compliance with the rules of Islamic banking. Areas covered include: the issuance process asset injection pricing and relation to underlying asset price how asset price risk is managed and mitigated Shariah compliance, and how the risk of non-compliance is managed Other relevant areas such as credit rating, defaults and the impact of introducing assets (including the controversial topic of a "true sale") will be covered. The key development in the markets as a consequence of AAOIFI rule changes are analysed. We will see a picture emerge of instruments, and markets, that behave in a manner far removed from the existential nature of the classic contracts that underpin the transactions. REVIEW OF VOLUME 1 "This is a book written by a practitioner in Islamic Finance, Safdar Alam, about what many would consider to be quite a dry topic, that of Islamic Banking. In fact, that is quite simply not the case. This is a book as the author describes it as "A download of what I have done and what I know." From its very outset, this first volume, which tackles money market, FX and other market contracts, gives the view of a pioneer in the industry who was challenged with a blank sheet of paper and asked to create something from the ground up, without any guidance, without a frame of reference and the minimum of support infrastructure. The story that unfolds is very readable. The book captures the imagination vividly of what it was really like in this industry less than 20 years ago, when the pioneering spirit of a few created the global industry that we now see today. This is about as real as it gets because there is a very big difference between creating something yourself and replicating something that has already been created. The author, in both a logical and engaging fashion takes us through this journey and shares his insights "warts and all" of what it took to do the needful. I would consider this book as essential reading for practitioners, students, academics and anyone who shares an interest in finding out how something new is created from the ground up. I, for one, eagerly await the sequel in Volume 2 on Sukuk." By Daud Vicary Abdullah Managing Director of DVA Consulting and former President and CEO of INCEIF The Global University of Islamic Finance

The story that unfolds is very readable. The book captures the imagination vividly of what it was really like in this industry less than 20 years ago, when the pioneering spirit of a few created the global industry that we now see today.

Kaidah naratif novel Para priyayi dan Jalan menikung karya Umar Kayam sebagai acuan teoritis dalam kritik novel sastra Indonesia

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Berislam Secara Moderat (Ajaran dan Praktik Moderasi Beragama dalam Islam)

Perbincangan tentang Islam moderat mengemuka bersamaan dengan perkembangan kelompok-kelompok Islam radikal. Tema ini mencapai puncaknya sejak terjadi serangan bom bunuh diri di Amerika Serikat pada 11 September 2001 yang dilakukan kelompok militan Islam Al-Qaeeda. Di Indonesia sendiri perbincangan tentang Islam moderat sudah lama dilakukan, setidaknya sejak pasca reformasi 1998 seiring dengan perkembangan kelompok-kelompok Islam radikal yang selama orde baru terkekang dan tidak mendapatkan ruang di dalam konstelasi politik.

Perbincangan tentang Islam moderat mengemuka bersamaan dengan perkembangan kelompok-kelompok Islam radikal.

Alethetropic Logic

A Posthumous Work

Ordinary Reason- And still very little is inrecepted by Reasoning and Thinkinging and Thinking . the exception to this ... Included among more intellectual these last would be members of the Medical and Legal Professions ; type of man ...