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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

First Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility: Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

This paper discusses key findings of the First Review Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) for Afghanistan. Despite a difficult security environment and persistent expenditure pressures, Afghanistan’s performance during the first six months of 2006/07 was in line with the program. The authorities met all the end-September 2006 quantitative performance criteria and indicative targets, the structural performance criterion, and most structural benchmarks, except those related to state-owned banks. The overall fiscal strategy for the remainder of 2006/07 and for 2007/08 strikes a balance between addressing critical spending pressures and fiscal sustainability.

For three SOEs, severance packages have been granted to former employees
who received job counseling and training in the context of the national skills
development program. Liquidation plans are now underway, of which two are
expected ...

Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition

This skillfully written text presents the full sweep of Ottoman history from its beginnings on the Byzantine frontier in about 1300, through its development as an empire, to its late eighteenth-century confrontation with a rapidly modernizing Europe. Itzkowitz delineates the fundamental institutions of the Ottoman state, the major divisions within the society, and the basic ideas on government and social structure. Throughout, Itzkowitz emphasizes the Ottomans' own conception of their historical experience, and in so doing penetrates the surface view provided by the insights of Western observers of the Ottoman world to the core of Ottoman existence.

Mohammed II may have been young, but he was not politically inexperienced,
nor did he lack for sage and emergetic counselors. He had been gaining
experience in governmental affairs since about the age of eleven, when he had
been sent ...

The Attributes of God in the Monotheistic Faiths of Judeo-Christian and Islamic Traditions.

This book is one of the first ones of its kind in the market clearly explaining and expounding the Attributes of God in the Judeo-Christian and Islamic traditions. This book is a valuable guide not only to any university student; but is equally interesting for a general reader who wonders and appreciates the bonding of compassion and love God has for His creatures as seen in His Attributes.

He is the Guide who does not need anybody to guide Him or any counselor to
counsel Him. He is Allah, the Exalted, the Most High. Everything that Allah has
created is guided by Him. In the case of humankind, Allah has bestowed him with
the ...

The Middle East and Islamic World Reader

“The many facets of Middle Eastern history and politics are admirably represented in this far-ranging anthology” (Publishers Weekly). In this insightful anthology, historians Marvin E. Gettleman and Stuart Schaar have assembled a broad selection of documents and contemporary scholarship to give a view of the history of the peoples from the core Islamic lands, from the Golden Age of Islam to today. With carefully framed essays beginning each chapter and brief introductory notes accompanying over seventy readings, the anthology reveals the multifaceted societies and political systems of the Islamic world. Selections range from theological texts illuminating the differences between Shiite and Sunni Muslims, to diplomatic exchanges and state papers, to memoirs and literary works, to manifestos of Islamic radicals. This newly revised and expanded edition covers the dramatic changes in the region since 2005, and the popular uprisings that swept from Tunisia in January 2011 through Egypt, Libya, and beyond. The Middle East and Islamic World Reader is a fascinating historical survey of complex societies that—now more than ever—are crucial for us to understand. “Ambitious . . . A timely work, it focuses mainly on sociopolitical texts dating from the rise of Islam to the debates concerning U.S. foreign policy in the post-9/11 world.” —Choice

comers from the Frankish lands. But they constitute the exception and cannot be
treated as a rule. B. Rashid al-Din Fazlullah (1247?–1318), The Mongol
Conquest of Baghdad (thirteenth century)10 Being a political counselor to the
Mongols ...

PUNK'D in Pakistan; I. W. W. the Islamic World War - the Series Volume 1 - the Start of the Staged 2009 Pakistani Civil War; January 2009

The United States, the United Nations, and NATO are being PUNK'D and PLUNDERED in Pakistan in the Pakistani government sponsored, I.S.I. funded, STAGED Civil War of 2009. This Jihad civil war is being run as a business proposition to PLUNDER the United States and the Western world to support the Jihad Islamic World War. Billions of dollars from the U.S., U.N., and NATO are being redirected from humanitarian aid for the impoverished population by the I.S.I. (Pakistan's CIA) - to fight India in Kashmir, to arm their military to later fight India, and just redirected to employees of the government for their own personal enrichment. Billions of U.S. tax dollars have already been redirected from Afghanistan as PLUNDER for the Jihad waging I.W.W. - the Islamic World War.

... to Pakistan's interests, butit provided some support to other Pakistan Islamic
Terrorist cells that operate in Afghanistan," said Mathew Burrows, Counselor and
Director of the Analysis and Production Staff at the National Intelligence Council.

Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century

A Global History

First published in 1988, Ira Lapidus' A History of Islamic Societies has become a classic in the field, enlightening students, scholars, and others with a thirst for knowledge about one of the world's great civilizations. This book, based on fully revised and updated parts one and two of this monumental work,describes the transformations of Islamic societies from their beginning in the seventh century, through their diffusion across the globe, into the challenges of the nineteenth century. The story focuses on the organization of families and tribes, religious groups and states, showing how they were transformed by their interactions with other religious and political communities. The book concludes with the European commercial and imperial interventions that initiated a new set of transformations in the Islamic world, and the onset of the modern era. Organized in narrative sections for the history of each major region, with innovative, analytic summary introductions and conclusions, this book is a unique endeavour.

Political theorists then assigned the scholars an ever-larger role in the gov—
ernment of Muslim communities as advisors and counselors to reigning princes.
As early as the ninth century, the Hanbalis had emphasized the Quranic
injunction to ...

Islamic Political Thought

An Introduction

A concise and authoritative introduction to Islamic political ideas In sixteen concise chapters on key topics, this book provides a rich, authoritative, and up-to-date introduction to Islamic political thought from the birth of Islam to today, presenting essential background and context for understanding contemporary politics in the Islamic world and beyond. Selected from the acclaimed Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, and focusing on the origins, development, and contemporary importance of Islamic political ideas and related subjects, each chapter offers a sophisticated yet accessible introduction to its topic. Written by leading specialists and incorporating the latest scholarship, the alphabetically arranged chapters cover the topics of authority, the caliphate, fundamentalism, government, jihad, knowledge, minorities, modernity, Muhammad, pluralism and tolerance, the Qur'an, revival and reform, shariʿa (sacred law), traditional political thought, ‘ulama' (religious scholars), and women. Read separately or together, these chapters provide an indispensable resource for students, journalists, policymakers, and anyone else seeking an informed perspective on the complex intersection of Islam and politics. The contributors are Gerhard Bowering, Ayesha S. Chaudhry, Patricia Crone, Roxanne Euben, Yohanan Friedmann, Paul L. Heck, Roy Jackson, Wadad Kadi, John Kelsay, Gudrun Krämer, Ebrahim Moosa, Armando Salvatore, Aram A. Shahin, Emad El-Din Shahin, Devin J. Stewart, SherAli Tareen, and Muhammad Qasim Zaman. A new afterword discusses the essays in relation to contemporary political developments.

A towering figure of classical Islam and counselor to caliphs, Abu al-Hasan al-
Mawardi (d. 1058) spoke of those who prefer the rational sciences (al-'ulūm al-'
aqliyya) over religion for the organization of society, a viewpoint he rejected as ...

Islamic Humanism

This book is an attempt to explain how, in the face of increasing religious authoritarianism in medieval Islamic civilization, some Muslim thinkers continued to pursue essentially humanistic, rational, and scientific discourses in the quest for knowledge, meaning, and values. Drawing on a wide range of Islamic writings, from love poetry to history to philosophical theology, Goodman shows that medieval Islam was open to individualism, occasional secularism, skepticism, even liberalism.

Circumstantial data about each caliph's names, birth and ancestry, regime,
counselors, and death make the monarchical figures focal points, about whom
the anecdotes sketch the image of a personality and the spirit of an age. The titles
of his ...

The Islamic Quarterly

In therapy it is often the case that the therapist (whose job it is to say the un-
sayable) becomes the object of anger and rejection on this very basis. If we
consider fitrah as the 'internal therapist', we can understand how it is possible
individuals ...

Islamic Finance

Overview and Policy Concerns

Discusses Islamic finance, which is based on principles of ¿shariah,¿ or ¿Islamic law.¿ Major principles of ¿shariah¿ are a ban on interest, a ban on uncertainty, adherence to risk-sharing and profit-sharing, promotion of ethical invest. that enhance society, and asset-backing. The international market for Islamic finance has grown between 10% to 15% annually in recent years. Critics of Islamic finance express concerns about possible ties between Islamic finance and political agendas or terrorist financing and the use of Islamic finance to circumvent U.S. economic sanctions. Proponents argue that Islamic finance presents significant new business opportunities and provides alternate methods for capital formation and economic development. Graph.

Financial institutions seeking to offer shariah-compliant products typically have a
shariah supervisory board (or at a minimum, a shariah counselor). The shariah
board would review and approve financial practices and activities for compliance
 ...