The study investigatesthe impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on the banking sector within six Islamic countries by examining how Islamic banks fared compared to conventional banks.Two Islamic and two conventional banks were selected across six different Islamic countries and compared via eight different performance metrics. To eliminate bias, countries were selected from disparate political, geographical, and ideological backgrounds. The results were: i. Islamic banks in G20 countries performed better than conventional banks, while the opposite was true in non-G20 countries; ii. Islamic banks in constitutionally Islamic countries performed better than conventional banks; and iii. Islamic banks in authoritative regimes outperformed conventional banks, while the opposite was true for democratic countries. Results indicate that the conservative nature of Islamic banking was instrumental in protecting them from the downturn that the conventional banks experienced during the financial crisis.
The study investigatesthe impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on the banking sector within six Islamic countries by examining how Islamic banks fared compared to conventional banks.Two Islamic and two conventional banks were selected ...
Liquidity position and liquidity risk of Islamic financial institutions has been changing over time. Using three measures of liquidity this paper analyses the state of liquidity and the risk management practices of Islamic banks across countries and regions and compares them with conventional banks. It calls for creating new instruments and infrastructure for liquidity risk management and proposes fresh approaches to manage this risk.
Liquidity position and liquidity risk of Islamic financial institutions has been changing over time.
To the layman who wishes to understand modern Islamic financial transactions, this book will prove friendly and helpful. It provides the underlying principles of Shariah financial instruments and presented them in actual and practical form. Since 1983, Malaysia has been making significant inroads into the Islamic financials landscape. Today Islamic financial transactions have made their presence felt in almost all financial institutions including banks, unit trusts, insurance, discount houses, fund management, factoring, pawn broking and project financing. And with more than USD200 billion Islamic funds available in global finance today, it is logical that the business of Islamic banking, insurance and fund management is fast expanding and encroaching into non-traditional financing. As the Holy Quran enjoins profit creation via trading and commercial transactions (al-bay’) while forbidding profit earned from loans (riba), increasing Islamic consciousness among the Muslims today has opened up new business opportunities in Islamic finance, financial planning and wealth management. The Shariah not only condone interest as riba, but prohibits elements of gambling (maisir) in financial transactions. Ambiguities (gharar) in contractual agreements must be avoided at all cost while companies seeking Islamic capital must not engage with prohibited goods such as alcoholic beverages, pork and pornographic material. But current practices although unintentionally seem to out focus the real Quranic agenda for wealth creation and management. The Quranic alternative to riba is trade and commerce (al-bay’). The essence of trade and commerce is profit creation that implicates risk-taking (ghorm) and value-addition (kasb). Doing so promotes fairness and equitable transactions (‘adl) and thus putting ethics and morality (akhlak) into the limelight of corporate business today. This book has attempted to venture into several issues of Islamic finance that incorporates the Quranic conception of trading and commerce (al-bay’). Profit created from financial instruments devoid of risk-taking (ghorm) and value addition (kasb) does not fit into the Quran’s outlook of al-bay’. It critically examines current Islamic financial products offered by banks, mutual funds and insurance companies and help guide prospective customers to understand the underlying Shariah principles on which these products are structured. Products ranging from bank deposits/assets and capital market instruments are discussed based on prevailing practical experience in Malaysia as well as other Muslim countries. Divergent Shariah opinions on sale-buyback (bay’ al-’inah) and debt trading (bay’al-dayn) are discussed with good intentions to harmonize global Islamic financial transactions. Of most significant is the push for equity financing (musyarakah/mudarabah) in the banking business with proper application of salam and istisna’ contract as well. Widespread use of murabahah and al-bai-bithaman ajil (credit sale) contracts in Islamic finance is a worrying trend. This book tries to explore the place of Islamic financial contracts in modern financial markets, whether Islamic financial instruments actually reflect true label. Implication of trading (al-bay’) is expected to invite venture capital application in Islamic banking and rationalizes universal banking model for Islamic banks. This book serves to guide banking customers, practitioners and investors over the range of Shariah products available in Malaysia’s financial market and help impress how these products can impact their earnings and business.
To the layman who wishes to understand modern Islamic financial transactions, this book will prove friendly and helpful.
The Country Financial Accountability Assessment - Pakistan (December 2003) concluded that there were substantial opportunities for consolidating current reforms throughout Pakistan, and for introducing additional reforms to further strengthen public financial accountability, which would require sustained policy level commitment at national, and provincial levels. This provincial Public Financial Management (PFM) and Accountability Assessment follow this theme of continuing reform. The PFM Performance Measurement Framework provides for a four-grade rating mechanism for measuring the attributes of PFM in a government against the benchmarks provided therein. It provides a useful mechanism for charting a path towards demonstrable improved PFM. The study notes that the reforms already underway are developing a strong trajectory for PFM improvement, and this report sets out the continuing concerns, challenges, and proposals for further reforms and development, while setting the issues for further negotiation, although most issues are within the capacity of the Punjab Provincial authorities. Areas for urgent additional reform are in the budget execution, accounting and audit areas, and specific areas for priority attention suggest the improvement of arrears information on expenditures and revenues; of frequent monitoring of fiscal risks arising from State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), including contingent liabilities and government guarantees; improvement of procurement processes, through the implementation of the proposed new procurement law; improvements in services delivery and budget execution, through reductions in procedural delays, and increases in community knowledge of budget information; and, the introduction of an adequate system of internal auditing, based on standards promulgated by the Institute of Internal Auditors.
The Country Financial Accountability Assessment - Pakistan (December 2003) concluded that there were substantial opportunities for consolidating current reforms throughout Pakistan, and for introducing additional reforms to further ...
This paper discusses key issues related to the conduct of monetary policy in countries that have Islamic banks. It describes the macrofinancial background and monetary policy frameworks where Islamic banks typically operate, and discusses the monetary transmission mechanism in economies where Islamic and conventional banking coexist. Most economies with Islamic banks also have conventional banks and this calls for a comprehensive approach to monetary policy. At the same time, a dual approach to monetary policy should be considered whenever the Islamic segment of the financial system is not as developed as the conventional one. The paper tries to shed light on potential spillovers between conventional and Islamic financial systems, and proposes specific recommendations on the design of Islamic monetary policy operations and for facilitating monetary transmission through the Islamic financial system.
This paper discusses key issues related to the conduct of monetary policy in countries that have Islamic banks.
Islamic finance is emerging as a rapidly growing part of the financial sector in the Islamic world and is not restricted to Islamic countries, but is spreading wherever there is a sizable Muslim community. According to some estimates, more than 250 financial institutions in over 45 countries practice some form of Islamic finance, and the industry has been growing at a rate of more than 15 percent annually for the past several years. The market's current annual turnover is estimated to be $70 billion, compared with a mere $5 billion in 1985, and is projected to hit the $100 billion mark by the turn of the century. Since the emergence of Islamic banks in the early 1970s, considerable research has been conducted, mainly focusing on the viability, design and operations of a deposit-accepting financial institution, which operates primarily on the basis of profit and loss partnerships rather than interest. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of topics related to the assessment, analysis, and management of various types of risks in the field of Islamic banking. It is an attempt to provide a high-level framework (aimed at non-specialist executives) attuned to the current realities of changing economies and Islamic financial markets. This approach emphasizes the accountability of key players in the corporate governance process in relation to the management of different dimensions of Islamic financial risk.
Islamic finance is emerging as a rapidly growing part of the financial sector in the Islamic world and is not restricted to Islamic countries, but is spreading wherever there is a sizable Muslim community.
