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Islamic Finance

Theory & Practice

This book is result of five years teaching of Islamic finance course to MBA Finance students. This book is written with a clear focus on learning of Islamic banking & finance by accounting, banking, business and finance students/professionals. Resources available, so for, on the subject have focused on legal side and very negligible work is available on financial front for a common user. This book is written in financial perspective and author has focused upon financial impacts, generated by application of Islamic financial laws. However a summary of Islamic commercial laws of each chapter has been provided. Author has adopted balance sheet method to inculcate the knowledge; hence, understanding of elementary balance sheet is recommended to get maximum out of this book. This book is divided into five parts. Part-1 presents an update on Islamic finance. Part two is about asset backed financing provided by IFIs. It includes trading (selling) modes of financing including Murabaha, Salam and Istisna'a; it also includes Ijarah financing. At the start of part two, summary of Shari'a rulings about sales is reported. Part three of the book deals with profit and loss sharing modes of financing including Musharaka, diminishing Musharaka and Mudaraba. A special section is devoted to discuss the causes of lesser application of Musharaka in operations of IFIs, in addition to Shari'a rulings and financial impact. Chapter seven is about Diminishing Musharaka; a form of gradually declining partnership between an IFI and clients; generally used to finance real estates. Under diminishing Musharaka, I have discussed the basic Shari'a rulings, Islamic house financing, comparative study of conventional and Islamic mortgages and installment calculation under different assumptions for house financing. Chapter eight is about Mudaraba. Under this scheme of financing IFIs provide capital to financially weak but skilful people to do the business and share outcome with IFIs. Part four is about deposits management. Part five of the book presents special topics in Islamic Finance. In this part areas of liquidity management and Islamic insurance are discussed. Under Islamic capital market two dedicated chapters have been included; each for equities and Sukuk. Chapter 12 is dedicated for Islamic insurance. Last chapter has focused on challenges to Islamic finance industry. Third edition is definitely outcome of very encouraging response by academic community to earlier editions. In this edition due attention has been given to present material in reader friendly mode in addition to thorough review of content, exercises and figures. In this edition Islamic capital market is re-written by including separate chapters on equities and Sukuk. Also a special chapter is devoted to Islamic insurance. Updated figures on global volume of assets, regional shares, equity funds and Sukuk are also part of this edition. Also more examples included in the text to make the concept clear. In appendix guidance for establishment of Islamic bank and appointment of Shari'a advisor as provided by local central bank is included. Increased number of true/false, multiple choice questions and mini cases are also forming part of updated edition. This book is useful for MBA/BBA students as a three credit hour course as well as for banking/finance students and practitioners of Islamic banking & finance. It is also useful for accounting & finance professionals, trainers in Islamic banking, regulators, investors, corporate managers and general public, interested in understanding Islamic finance. I hope this book will serve its purpose through imparting knowledge of Islamic banking & finance among accounting, business and finance graduates as well as practitioners of Islamic financial system, investors and general public.

Author has adopted balance sheet method to inculcate the knowledge; hence, understanding of elementary balance sheet is recommended to get maximum out of this book. This book is divided into five parts.

Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions

A Study of their Objectives and Achievements

This book is a study of the objectives of Islamic Finance in the modern banking space and offers insight into the effects of changes and developments occurring in Islamic banking products and services.

financial system: risk sharing, reward sharing, fairness, transparency, and the sanctity of contracts. Theoretical studies have used alternative Islamic modes of finance to build models through which these functions can be performed ...

Risk Sharing in Finance

The Islamic Finance Alternative

How the Islamic finance approach to risk can serve as a model for global reform The recent U.S. financial debacle has affected the entire world and led to major reviews of risk management in financial institutions. Perhaps a simpler alternative is just to adopt the systems used for centuries in Islamic finance. Risk Sharing in Finance expounds upon this novel idea, suggesting that the Islamic financial system can be developed for use around the world by providing a helpful paradigm for crafting global financial reforms. Demonstrating how Islamic finance can successfully expand its array of risk sharing instruments, for example issuing government shares to finance development projects and placing limits on short sales and leveraging, the book makes a compelling case for thinking outside the box to redevelop a vibrant stock market. Provides analysis of the comparative historical, theoretical, and empirical investigation of risk management in both the conventional and the Islamic-type financial systems Explores the benefits and the implications of introducing Islamic finance around the world and explains how wider reliance on risk sharing can be implemented Establishes a connection between the flawed contemporary Western system of capitalist finance and the ancient, traditional forms of risk-sharing prevalent in Islamic finance Offering a timely look at financial reform, Risk Sharing in Finance draws on the expertise of author Zamir Iqbal of the World Bank, along with a host of co-authors Abbas Mirakhor, Hossein Askari, and Noureddine Krichene to present a new form of financial reform.

Risk Sharing in Finance expounds upon this novel idea, suggesting that the Islamic financial system can be developed for use around the world by providing a helpful paradigm for crafting global financial reforms.

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

First Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement, Request for Waiver of Nonobservance of a Performance Criterion,Modification of Performance Criteria, and Rephasing of Disbursements Staff Report;Staff Supplement; Staff Statement; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion;and Statement by the Executive Director for the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Afghanistan’s development, humanitarian, and governance challenges are formidable. Afghanistan is in its transition to become self-reliant. To achieve this goal, the government requires donor support. The IMF-supported economic program tries to address key macroeconomic challenges and seeks to safeguard the financial sector. The authorities have broadly met their program objectives, but their implementation suffered from delays. The authorities have now initiated an asset recovery process for each Kabul Bank beneficiary. The Executive Board has agreed to the authorities’ request for a waiver.

... procedures) Public financial management (budget and treasury procedures) Tax policy Tax and customs administration Resident public financial management advisor Organizational structure Revenue administration Program budgeting reform ...

Risk Sharing in Finance

The Islamic Finance Alternative

How the Islamic finance approach to risk can serve as a model for global reform The recent U.S. financial debacle has affected the entire world and led to major reviews of risk management in financial institutions. Perhaps a simpler alternative is just to adopt the systems used for centuries in Islamic finance. Risk Sharing in Finance expounds upon this novel idea, suggesting that the Islamic financial system can be developed for use around the world by providing a helpful paradigm for crafting global financial reforms. Demonstrating how Islamic finance can successfully expand its array of risk sharing instruments, for example issuing government shares to finance development projects and placing limits on short sales and leveraging, the book makes a compelling case for thinking outside the box to redevelop a vibrant stock market. Provides analysis of the comparative historical, theoretical, and empirical investigation of risk management in both the conventional and the Islamic-type financial systems Explores the benefits and the implications of introducing Islamic finance around the world and explains how wider reliance on risk sharing can be implemented Establishes a connection between the flawed contemporary Western system of capitalist finance and the ancient, traditional forms of risk-sharing prevalent in Islamic finance Offering a timely look at financial reform, Risk Sharing in Finance draws on the expertise of author Zamir Iqbal of the World Bank, along with a host of co-authors Abbas Mirakhor, Hossein Askari, and Noureddine Krichene to present a new form of financial reform.

Risk Sharing in Finance expounds upon this novel idea, suggesting that the Islamic financial system can be developed for use around the world by providing a helpful paradigm for crafting global financial reforms.

Islamic Republic of Mauritania

Staff Report for the 2014 Article IV Consultation

KEY ISSUES Context. Mauritania’s economy has benefited from macroeconomic stability and high growth in the context of contained inflation, responsible macro-policies, high iron ore prices and scaled-up public investment. However, economic growth has not translated into broadly improved living standards and is being hit by a sharp decline in iron ore prices. Outlook and Risks. Although the outlook remains favorable, it hinges heavily on stabilizing iron ore prices and expanding mining capacity. Downside risks to the outlook dominate because iron ore prices may decline further in response to excess supply in the global market. Key Policy Recommendations. With high risk of debt distress and deteriorating terms of trade, Mauritania’s fiscal policy needs to remain focused on consolidation to support fiscal sustainability. Over the medium term, a fiscal framework with a full-fledged fiscal rule will help prevent the boom–bust cycles that ensue from volatility in natural resource revenue, and with strengthened governance in managing mining wealth. The central bank should take advantage of the low-inflation environment to strengthen monetary policy formulation, gradually liberalize the foreign exchange market, and introduce liquidity support and banking resolution frameworks. The implementation of the recent FSAP recommendations should be pursued to enhance the stability of the financial sector stability. Economic diversification and inclusive growth are the foremost medium-term challenges. The authorities should accelerate structural reforms needed to raise Mauritania’s potential growth, create jobs, and improve living standards for all Mauritanians. Article VIII. A comprehensive analysis of the foreign exchange market identified exchange restrictions and multiple currency practices (MCPs) subject to Fund approval under Article VIII. Effective November 20, 2013, the exchange rate regime is classified as “stabilized” arrangement.

15–28, 2011 TA mission Customs Administration Bank Supervision Bank Restructuring Capacity Building on Tax Administration Cash ... 18–29, 2011 Review TA mission Public Financial Management Bank Supervision and Regulation Bank Financial ...

An Overview of Islamic Finance

Islamic finance has started to grow in international finance across the globe, with some concentration in few countries. Nearly 20 percent annual growth of Islamic finance in recent years seems to point to its resilience and broad appeal, partly owing to principles that govern Islamic financial activities, including equity, participation, and ownership. In theory, Islamic finance is resilient to shocks because of its emphasis on risk sharing, limits on excessive risk taking, and strong link to real activities. Empirical evidence on the stability of Islamic banks, however, is so far mixed. While these banks face similar risks as conventional banks do, they are also exposed to idiosyncratic risks, necessitating a tailoring of current risk management practices. The macroeconomic policy implications of the rapid expansion of Islamic finance are far reaching and need careful considerations.

Islamic finance has started to grow in international finance across the globe, with some concentration in few countries.

Understanding Islamic Finance

In Understanding Islamic Finance Muhammad Ayub introduces all the essential elements of this growing market by providing an in-depth background to the subject and clear descriptions of all the major products and processes associated with Islamic finance. Key features include: Discussion of the principles of Islamic finance; Introduction to the key products and procedures that International Financial Institutions are using or may adopt to fund a variety of clients ensuring Sharī ́ah compliance; Discussion of the role Islamic finance can play in the development of the financial system and of economies; Practical and operational examples that cover deposit and fund management by banks involving financing of various sectors of the economy, risk management, accounting treatment, and working of Islamic financial markets and instruments. This book is not only an important text for all banks and financial institutions entering this particular market with a commitment to building Islamic financial solutions, but is also essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Islamic finance.

This book is not only an important text for all banks and financial institutions entering this particular market with a commitment to building Islamic financial solutions, but is also essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate ...

Islamic Finance For Dummies

A detailed look at the fast-growing field of Islamic banking and finance The global Islamic finance market is now worth about $700 billion worldwide. Islamic Finance For Dummies helps experienced investors and new entrants into Islamic finance quickly get up to speed on this growing financial sector. Here, you'll find clear and easy-to-understand information on how you can incorporate Islamic finance products into your investment portfolio. You'll quickly and easily: become acquainted with the theory, practice, and limitations of Islamic banking; understand how to develop products for the Islamic financial industry; grasp the objectives and sources of Islamic law and the basic guidelines for business contacts; learn about Islamic fund management and insurance; and much more. Coverage of the role Islamic finance can play in the development of the financial system and of economies Addresses the risks and rewards in Islamic banking The future prospects and opportunities of the Islamic finance industry With the help of Islamic Finance For Dummies, you'll discover the fast and easy way to tap into the booming Islamic finance arena.

Islamic finance 101 — get a crash course on the fundamentals and key principles of the Islamic finance industry Get to know sharia — discover how Islamic law, known as "sharia," influences Islamic business practices and commercial ...

Islamic Finance

Theory & Practice

This book is the result of five years teaching of Islamic finance course to MBA Finance students. This book is written with a clear focus on learning of Islamic banking & finance by accounting, banking, business and finance students/professionals. Resources available, so for, on the subject have focused on the legal side and very negligible work is available on the financial front for a common user. This book is written in financial perspective and the author has focused upon financial impacts, generated by application of Islamic financial laws. However, a summary of Islamic commercial laws of each chapter has been provided. Author has adopted balance sheet method to inculcate the knowledge; hence, understanding of elementary balance sheet is recommended to get maximum out of this book. This book is divided into five parts. Part-1 presents an update on Islamic finance. Part two is about asset-backed financing provided by IFIs. It includes trading (selling) modes of financing including Murabaha, Salam and Istisna'a; it also includes Ijarah financing. At the start of part two, a summary of Shari'a rulings about sales is reported. Part three of the book deals with profit and loss sharing modes of financing including Musharaka, diminishing Musharaka and Mudaraba. A special section is devoted to discussing the causes of lesser application of Musharaka in operations of IFIs, in addition to Shari'a rulings and financial impact. Chapter seven is about Diminishing Musharaka; a form of gradually declining partnership between an IFI and clients; generally used to finance real estates. Under diminishing Musharaka, I have discussed the basic Shari'a rulings, Islamic house financing, comparative study of conventional and Islamic mortgages and installment calculation under different assumptions for house financing. Chapter eight is about Mudaraba. Under this scheme of financing, IFIs provide capital to financially weak but skilful people to do the business and share the outcome with IFIs. Part four is about deposits management. Part five of the book presents special topics in Islamic Finance. In this part areas of liquidity management and Islamic insurance are discussed. Under Islamic capital market two dedicated chapters have been included; each for equities and Sukuk. Chapter 12 is dedicated for Islamic insurance. The last chapter has focused on challenges to Islamic finance industry. The third edition is definitely the outcome of very encouraging response by the academic community to earlier editions. In this edition due attention has been given to present material in a reader-friendly mode in addition to a thorough review of content, exercises and figures. In this edition Islamic capital market is re-written by including separate chapters on equities and Sukuk. Also, a special chapter is devoted to Islamic insurance. Updated figures on the global volume of assets, regional shares, equity funds and Sukuk are also part of this edition. Also, more examples included in the text to make the concept clear. In appendix guidance for the establishment of Islamic bank and appointment of Shari'a advisor as provided by the local central bank is included. An increased number of true/false, multiple choice questions and mini cases are also forming part of updated edition. This book is useful for MBA/BBA students as a three credit hour course as well as for banking/finance students and practitioners of Islamic banking & finance. It is also useful for accounting & finance professionals, trainers in Islamic banking, regulators, investors, corporate managers and the general public, interested in understanding Islamic finance. I hope this book will serve its purpose through imparting knowledge of Islamic banking & finance among accounting, business and finance graduates as well as practitioners of Islamic financial system, investors and the general public.

Author has adopted balance sheet method to inculcate the knowledge; hence, understanding of elementary balance sheet is recommended to get maximum out of this book. This book is divided into five parts.