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The EC Programme "Comparability of Vocational Training Qualifications"

Aims, Working Methods, Evaluation

The Council of the European Communities (EC) has passed a number of decisions related to the creation of a labor market for skilled workers and to the facilitation of their free movement in a merging Europe. The establishment of comparability of vocational training qualifications is seen as a first step toward achieving the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates, and other formal qualifications and as a prerequisite for enabling workers to make better use of their qualifications to obtain suitable employment in another Member State. The procedure involves several steps: EC selection of relevant occupations or groups of occupations; establishment of expert groups; preparatory studies and development of preliminary lists of possible occupations; development and discussion of draft occupational descriptions; and development of comparative tables. Member States are responsible for dissemination of all information developed. All EC Member States should establish by mutual agreement each occupational description with the title, duties, and tasks. A general assessment indicates that the process has proved its worth because a detailed source of information pertaining to occupations and sectors has been compiled that clarifies differences in training systems in the various sectors and the 12 Member States. Member States should compile the data necessary for every occupation at the EC level. (Appendixes include a chart showing stage of work on comparability by sector and sample occupational description.) (YLB)

Member States are responsible for dissemination of all information developed. All EC Member States should establish by mutual agreement each occupational description with the title, duties, and tasks.

Management Education for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the European Communities

This report summarizes the activities of various bodies providing training impetus for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe on the three levels of (1) basic management education for potential small and medium-sized business owners and/or managers; (2) programs for small firm start-ups; and (3) activities to improve the management of already existing small and medium-sized enterprises. Taking into account the assumed growing needs for training measures on all three levels, the report gives an overview on what measures are offered, as well as an analysis of those measures in terms of the current challenges in the business environment--characterized by growing worldwide competitiveness and rapid technological change. A summary is provided of the different methods used in the various countries, how the support components are related to each other, and how the results can be judged by comparing claims and results. Suggestions for more appropriate solutions are offered. Six case studies of small business development programs in England, Ireland, West Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Spain are included in the report. (KC)

This report summarizes the activities of various bodies providing training impetus for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe on the three levels of (1) basic management education for potential small and medium-sized business ...