More than any other topic in social science, the study of social movements provides an opportunity to combine social theory with political action. Such study is a key to understanding the motivations, successes, and failures of thousands who aspire to high ideals of justice, but who sometimes aid in perpetuating inhumane political acts and systems. Building upon the past twenty years' developments in theory and research, Social Movements combines original theoretical and methodological approaches with penetrating analyses of contemporary movements from the sixties to the present. Anthony Oberschall argues that social movements are central to contemporary politics in both Western and Third World nations. They are not quaint stepchildren to public policy and social change that disappear as nations modernize. Collective action by the citizenry, spilling beyond the boundaries of routine politics is an integral part of the process of creative destruction that Joseph Schumpeter ascribed to modern capitalism and all dynamic, modern societies. Among the subjects that OberschaU examines in Social Movements are the Civil Rights movement, decline of the New Left, the feminist movement, the New Christian Right, the tobacco control movement, collective violence in U.S. industrial relations, and some comparative historical movements, including the Cultural Revolution in China, the abortive 1968 revolution in Czechoslovakia, political strife in postcolonial Africa, and the sixteenth-century European witch craze. In looking beyond the immediate political circumstances of these social movements, Oberschall points the way to achieving the next major task of social movement theory: a more satisfactory understanding of the dynamics and course of social movements and counter movements and a method of accounting for the outcomes of public controversies. Free of jargon and technical terminology, Social Movements is written for sociologists, political scientists, historians, professionals dealing with conflict and resolution, students and the lay public interested in public affairs.
Anthony Oberschall argues that social movements are central to contemporary politics in both Western and Third World nations. They are not quaint stepchildren to public policy and social change that disappear as nations modernize.
The organizational features of poor people's social movement organizations influence the types of tactics engaged in by those organizations.
together; thus, for the social movement literature to be more complete, an
analysis of the style and type of collective action is essential. This research both
initiates an outline of the impact of organization variables on social movements
and ...
The fourteen studies included in this volume have been chosen to serve several purposes simultaneously. At a basic level, they aim to provide a general - if not wholly systematic - coverage of the emergence and evolution of law during the first three and a half centuries of Islam. On another level, they reflect the different and, at times, widely divergent scholarly approaches to this subject matter. These two levels combined will offer a useful account of the rise of Islamic law not only for students in this field but also for Islamicists who are not specialists in matters of law, comparative legal historians, and others. At the same time, however, and as the Introduction to the work argues, this collection of distinguished contributions illustrates both the achievements and the shortcomings of paradigmatic scholarship on the formative period of Islamic law.
The fourteen studies included in this volume have been chosen to serve several purposes simultaneously.
Long before the rise of Islam in the early seventh century, Arabia had come to form an integral part of the Near East. This book, covering more than three centuries of legal history, presents an important account of how Islam developed its own law while drawing on ancient Near Eastern legal cultures, Arabian customary law and Quranic reforms. The development of the judiciary, legal reasoning and legal authority during the first century is discussed in detail as is the dramatic rise of prophetic authority, the crystallization of legal theory and the formation of the all-important legal schools. Finally the book explores the interplay between law and politics, explaining how the jurists and the ruling elite led a symbiotic existence that - seemingly paradoxically - allowed Islamic law and its application to be uniquely independent of the 'state'.
This book, covering more than three centuries of legal history, presents an important account of how Islam developed its own law while drawing on ancient Near Eastern legal cultures, Arabian customary law and Quranic reforms.
The study of Islamic law can be a forbidding prospect for those entering the field for the first time. Wael Hallaq, a leading scholar and practitioner of Islamic law, guides students through the intricacies of the subject in this absorbing introduction. The first half of the book is devoted to a discussion of Islamic law in its pre-modern natural habitat. The second part explains how the law was transformed and ultimately dismantled during the colonial period. In the final chapters, the author charts recent developments and the struggles of the Islamists to negotiate changes which have seen the law emerge as a primarily textual entity focused on fixed punishments and ritual requirements. The book, which includes a chronology, a glossary of key terms, and lists of further reading, will be the first stop for those who wish to understand the fundamentals of Islamic law, its practices and history.
The book, which includes a chronology, a glossary of key terms, and lists of further reading, will be the first stop for those who wish to understand the fundamentals of Islamic law, its practices and history.
Kemenangan dan kejayaan bagi orang-orang yang beriman, memiliki berbagai macam bentuk dan wujud yang berbeda, di antara yang terpenting adalah; tersampaikannya misi risalah, takluknya musuh, dan terwujudnya umat terbaik yang makmur sejahtera di bawah naungan ridha Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala. Boleh jadi musuh-musuh Islam memandang bahwa kemenangan dan kejayaan umat Islam adalah mustahil dan omong kosong belaka. Namun kaum muslimin harus tetap yakin dengan janji Allah bahwa bumi ini akan diberikan pada hamba-hamba-Nya yang beriman dan beramal saleh. Ini bukanlah mimpi atau ilusi. Sebaliknya, ia adalah bentuk keimanan sempurna kepada Allah dan keyakinan akan kebenaran semua janji-Nya. Keimanan yang murni adalah yang tak terkotori debu keraguan dan virus kemusyrikan. Karena hanya keimanan yang murni dan amal saleh yang tulus kepada-Nyalah, yang menjadi kunci utama terealisasikannya kejayaan Islam. Buku ini adalah sebuah kajian terhadap berbagai macam makna kemenangan dan kejayaan, syarat-syaratnya, sebab-sebabnya, tahapan-tahapannya, tujuan-tujuannya, kendala-kendalanya serta faktor-faktor pendukungnya. Tak pelak, buku ini menjadi rujukan penting bagi para pegiat dakwah dan aktivis Islam dalam menuntun mereka menggapai kesuksesan.
Kemenangan dan kejayaan bagi orang-orang yang beriman, memiliki berbagai macam bentuk dan wujud yang berbeda, di antara yang terpenting adalah; tersampaikannya misi risalah, takluknya musuh, dan terwujudnya umat terbaik yang makmur ...
