Hinduja examines the social, psychological, criminological, and behavioral aspects of Internet crime. Guided by the most prominent general theories of criminal behavior, he explores music piracy - an all too-common form of cybercrime - by attempting to answer a number of questions. Does stress and strain play a role? What about low self-control? Is music piracy learned within intimate social groups? Do rationalizations and justifications contribute to participation? Is the behavior strengthened or weakened through rewards and punishments? Hinduja then discusses his findings in detail, with the intention of framing ideas into feasible practices that can accommodate the benefits of the new digital economy, the music industry, and the perpetually growing wired world.
Islamic legal theory (usūl al-fiqh) is literally regarded as ’the roots of the law’ whilst Islamic jurists consider it to be the basis of Islamic jurisprudence and thus an essential aspect of Islamic law. This volume addresses the sources, methods and principles of Islamic law leading to an appreciation of the skills of independent juristic and legal reasoning necessary for deriving specific rulings from the established sources of the law. The articles engage critically with relevant traditional views to enable a diagnostic understanding of the different issues, covering both Sunnī and Shī’ī perspectives on some of the issues for comparison. The volume features an introductory overview of the subject as well as a comprehensive bibliography to aid further research. Islamic legal theory is a complex subject which challenges the ingenuity of any expert and therefore special care has been taken to select articles for their clarity as well as their quality, variety and critique to ensure an in-depth, engaging and easy understanding of what is normally a highly theoretical subject.
The Ashgate Islamic Law series brings together the best and most influential contributions from this debate and in so doing ... such as Islamic family law, Islamic property law, Islamic law of finance, Islamic criminal law and so forth.
Ambitious legal thinkers have become mesmerized by moral philosophy, believing that great figures in the philosophical tradition hold the keys to understanding and improving law and justice and even to resolving the most contentious issues of constitutional law. They are wrong, contends Richard Posner in this book. Posner characterizes the current preoccupation with moral and constitutional theory as the latest form of legal mystification—an evasion of the real need of American law, which is for a greater understanding of the social, economic, and political facts out of which great legal controversies arise. In pursuit of that understanding, Posner advocates a rebuilding of the law on the pragmatic basis of open-minded and systematic empirical inquiry and the rejection of cant and nostalgia—the true professionalism foreseen by Oliver Wendell Holmes a century ago. A bracing book that pulls no punches and leaves no pieties unpunctured or sacred cows unkicked, The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory offers a sweeping tour of the current scene in legal studies—and a hopeful prospect for its future.
Criminal Justice Theory examines the theoretical foundations of criminal justice in the modern era, whilst also considering legal philosophy and ethics, explaining criminal behaviour, and discussing policing, the court process, and penology in the context of contemporary socio-economic debates. Throughout the book, a realist theoretical thread acts as a guide interlinking concepts of social progress, conflict, and cerebral models of criminal justice, whilst also recognizing our collusion in the creation of an increasingly pervasive culture of socio-control which now characterizes contemporary society. The complex theoretical issues tackled in this book are addressed in an accessible style, making this a relevant and comprehensive introduction to criminal justice theory for students on a wide range of undergraduate criminal justice modules. It is also a helpful guide for those commencing postgraduate studies in the disciplines of criminal justice, criminology, and law.
Islamic jurisprudence and Sharia law cannot however be conceptualised in terms of the four models of criminal ... Sharia law governs all aspects of the life of a Muslim and has its origins in a combination of sources including the ...
A re-issue of the 1967 classic. Since the book was first published, the subculture of violence hypothesis has been widely accepted. The book is a forceful statement of the need to integrate social science knowledge across the artificial boundaries of scholarly disciplines. Literature from sociology, biology, psychiatry and law is drawn together to create a model of criminal behaviour that has proved to be of use to scientist and policy-maker alike. `The work provides a comprehensive survey and analytical discussion of studies concerned with aggression, violence, and homicide.' -- Adolescence `Since the first edition in 1967 this book has become a classic in the criminological literature and has been
An Empirical Foundation for a Theory of Personal Victimization
Based on an analysis of data from the U.S. National Crime Study, the authors conclude that the personal characteristics associated with risks of victimization were rather stable across the cities surveyed, although levels of victimization showed considerable variation. For example, younger persons had greater rates of personal victimization than did older persons, males than females, etc. The book discusses the patterns of risk factors associated with criminal victimization, and the correlates of characteristics of criminal incidents.
This book celebrates Andreas (Andrew) von Hirsch's pioneering contributions to liberal criminal theory. He is particularly noted for reinvigorating desert-based theories of punishment, for his development of principled normative constraints on the enactment of criminal laws, and for helping to bridge the gap between Anglo-American and German criminal law scholarship. Underpinning his work is a deep commitment to a liberal vision of the state. This collection brings together a distinguished group of international authors, who pay tribute to von Hirsch by engaging with topics on which he himself has focused. The essays range across sentencing theory, questions of criminalisation, and the relation between criminal law and the authority of the state. Together, they articulate and defend the ideal of a liberal criminal justice system, and present a fitting accolade to Andreas von Hirsch's scholarly life.
5 This includes the honorand's contribution to B Schünemann (ed), A Programme for European Criminal Justice (Cologne, ... of punishment based on the needs of victims plausible in other systems, such as Islamic criminal law.
A general problem in qualitative physics is determining the consequences of assumptions about the behavior of a system. If the space of behaviors is represented by an envisionment, many such consequences can be represented by pruning states from the envisionment. This paper provides a formal logic of occurrence which justifies the algorithms involved and provides a language for relating specific histories to envisionments. The concepts and axioms are general enough to be applicable to any system of qualitative physics. We further propose the concept of transverse quantities as a general solution to qualitative versions of Zeno's paradox. The utility of these ideas is illustrated by a rational reconstruction of the pruning algorithms used in FROB, a working AI program.
... one to allow reasoning with partial information : Axiom 5 ( InitialStates Existence ) | InitialStates ( R ) / 2 1 . ... We need to refine the notion of paths to include the notion of a legal path : Axiom 7 ( Path legality ) A path p ...
Covers some of the most significant applications of artificial intelligence, namely: natural language processing, speech understanding, expert system design, requirement engineering, machine learning, truth maintenance systems, advanced concepts and methods of logic programming. Together with the previous two volumes edited by Thayse, this completes a comprehensive exposition of the subject of logics applied to AI.
They are , however , only a special case of non - monotonic reasoning , already studied in [ Thayse 88 , Chap . ... The difficulty of processing inheritance networks depends on the restrictions imposed on the nature of legal links and ...
