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Systems, Experts, and Computers

The Systems Approach in Management and Engineering, World War II and After

This groundbreaking book charts the origins and spread of the systems movement. After World War II, a systems approach to solving complex problems and managing complex systems came into vogue among engineers, scientists, and managers, fostered in part by the diffusion of digital computing power. Enthusiasm for the approach peaked during the Johnson administration, when it was applied to everything from military command and control systems to poverty in American cities. Although its failure in the social sphere, coupled with increasing skepticism about the role of technology and "experts" in American society, led to a retrenchment, systems methods are still part of modern managerial practice. This groundbreaking book charts the origins and spread of the systems movement. It describes the major players including RAND, MITRE, Ramo-Wooldrige (later TRW), and the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis—and examines applications in a wide variety of military, government, civil, and engineering settings. The book is international in scope, describing the spread of systems thinking in France and Sweden. The story it tells helps to explain engineering thought and managerial practice during the last sixty years.

The book is international in scope, describing the spread of systems thinking in France and Sweden. The story it tells helps to explain engineering thought and managerial practice during the last sixty years.

Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice, third edition

A new, thoroughly updated edition of a comprehensive overview of knowledge management (KM), covering theoretical foundations, the KM process, tools, and professions. The ability to manage knowledge has become increasingly important in today's knowledge economy. Knowledge is considered a valuable commodity, embedded in products and in the tacit knowledge of highly mobile individual employees. Knowledge management (KM) represents a deliberate and systematic approach to cultivating and sharing an organization's knowledge base. This textbook and professional reference offers a comprehensive overview of the field. Drawing on ideas, tools, and techniques from such disciplines as sociology, cognitive science, organizational behavior, and information science, it describes KM theory and practice at the individual, community, and organizational levels. Chapters cover such topics as tacit and explicit knowledge, theoretical modeling of KM, the KM cycle from knowledge capture to knowledge use, KM tools, KM assessment, and KM professionals. This third edition has been completely revised and updated to reflect advances in the dynamic and emerging field of KM. The specific changes include extended treatment of tacit knowledge; integration of such newer technologies as social media, visualization, mobile technologies, and crowdsourcing; a new chapter on knowledge continuity, with key criteria for identifying knowledge at risk; material on how to identify, document, validate, share, and implement lessons learned and best practices; the addition of new categories of KM jobs; and a new emphasis on the role of KM in innovation. Supplementary materials for instructors are available online.

This third edition has been completely revised and updated to reflect advances in the dynamic and emerging field of KM. The specific changes include extended treatment of tacit knowledge; integration of such newer technologies as social ...

The Social Foundations of Industrial Power

A Comparison of France and Germany

The Social Foundations of Industrial Power challenges the theory of industrial convergence, which maintains that as societies become more modern, they develop increasingly similar industrial structures and industrial relations and "converge" to resemble a single model of the advanced industrial society.The book opens by analyzing the considerable differences between the pay scales for direct labor in French and German industry. It then takes up and summarizes the results of the authors' research into such questions as: How has the wage-labor relation developed in each society? How are skills developed in the labor force (the educational factor)? What circumstances affect job mobility (the occupational factor)? How are authority relations established within the firm, and what kind of cooperation exists between labor and management (the organizational factor)? How are conflicts resolved (the industrial relations factor)?The authors' own theory is explained in relation to the prevailing economic theories of the labor market, theories of organization, and theories of industrial relations. And after empirical observation, they conclude that one can find no homogenization of French and German work relations and that, in fact, national specificities exist and are maintained through relations in education, training, and promotion.Marc Maurice and J.-J. Silvestre are heads of research at the National Center for Scientific Research, Laboratory of Economics and Sociology of Work, Aix en Provence. Francois Sellier is Professor of Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, Paris-Nanterre University.

Social research, comparison, inherent differences in educational system, occupational structure, wage structure and labour relations in France and Germany, Federal Republic, refuting economic theories that societies develop similar ...

Building Problem Solvers

After working through Building Problem Solvers, readers should have a deep understanding of pattern directed inference systems, constraint languages, and truth maintenance systems.

After working through Building Problem Solvers, readers should have a deep understanding of pattern directed inference systems, constraint languages, and truth maintenance systems.