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A Treatise on Logic

Or, The Laws of Pure Thought; Comprising Both the Aristotelie and Hamiltonian Analyses of Logical Forms, and Some Chapters of Applied Logic

NY act of Reasoning strictly so called presupposes the universality of its Sumption or Major Premise . ... From the enumeration which has just been made , it appears that , with the unimportant exceptions of legal precepts and a few ...

Logic Of The Law The

A set of general rules is " justified ” by reasoning from basic principles , but they do not cover all of law and ethics . In part the limitation is self - imposed and is motivated by a desire not to bore either myself or the reader .

Logic and Controversy

This new text brings the traditional material of introductory logic (critical thinking, informal and modern symbolic logic) to bear on present day issues – terrorism, abortion, the death penalty, ABM treaty, stem cell research – essays and editorials found in the New York Times, USA Today, Miami Herald, and other major newspapers and news magazines from all over the United States. This original format engages students in applying logic and critical thinking to important issues. They learn not only the techniques of introductory logic but will achieve a much deeper understanding of the great controversies that we face.

The logician is most interested in this kind of statement , the kind found in most arguments . ... It is found in moral discourse , legal reasoning , and discussions of aesthetic values , as in Cheating is wrong .

Methods of Logic in Computer Science

Rules of this sort , called embedded implications , have been shown to be useful for hypothetical reasoning ( 29 ) , for legal reasoning ( 30 ) , for modular logic programming ( 27 ) , and for natural language processing ( 31 ] .

Introduction to Deontic Logic and the Theory of Normative Systems

( 1985 ) : Normative Conflicts and Legal Reasoning , forthcoming in E. Bulygin , J.-L. Gardies & I. Niiniluoto ( eds . ) Man , Law , and Modern Forms of Life , D. Reidel Publ . Co. , Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster .

The Rise of Informal Logic

Essays on Argumentation, Critical Thinking, Reasoning, and Politics

Essays on Argumentation, Critical Thinking, Reasoning, and Politics Ralph Henry Johnson, J. Anthony Blair, ... Second , Toulmin has decided to look at the processes of reasoning and argument in law and science ( principally ) , finding ...

Extensions of Classical Logic

Hohfeld , W. N .: 1919 , Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning , and Other Essays Yale Univ . Press , New Haven . Hughes , G. E. and Cresswell , M. J .: 1968 , An Introduction to Modal Logic , Methuen , London .

Fuzzy Logic for the Management of Uncertainty

Fuzzy systems are mathematically based systems that enable computers to handle vague, imprecise, or ambiguous information. Edited by two of the top names in this field and written by a team of international experts, here is the most up-to-date and complete compilation of articles in fuzzy logic research. All chapters are original works prepared specifically for this volume, including articles on applications and tools. Fuzzy Logic for the Management of Uncertainty covers many important topics, including: Developments in mathematics that have paved the road for fuzzy logic; Deep, and of a broad perspective, exposition of virtually all approaches used in contemporary science for the representation and handling of imperfect (uncertain, imprecise, vague, ambiguous, etc.) information; Coverage of practically all relevant and promising directions and approaches in fuzzy logic research including LT--fuzzy logic, model theoretic approaches, intuitionistic fuzzy logic, nonmonotonic fuzzy logic, modifier fuzzy logic; VLSI fuzzy logic-based chips that have triggered the implementation of fuzzy logic in so many fields of science and technology; A broad coverage of fuzzy logic in approximate reasoning, including basic issues related to the role of fuzzy logic for approximate reasoning, analyses of various definitions of fuzzy implication that is a crucial element in fuzzy logic-based reasoning schemes, general issues related to reasoning and inference based on fuzzy logic, inconsistencies and explanations in imprecise reasoning and databases; Use of fuzzy logic for knowledge representation, including the use of fuzzy relations, fuzzy linguistic modifiers, etc.; Use of fuzzy logic for knowledge acquisition and elicitation, mainly for machine learning; Use of fuzzy logic for the modelling of neurons and neural networks; Use of fuzzy logic for the development of fuzzified higher level computer languages, notably for the fuzzification of LISP; Use of fuzzy logic for the management of uncertainty in implemented knowledge-based systems; Use of fuzzy logic for the validation of knowledge-based systems; Use of fuzzy logic in intelligent database management systems.

Logic: Deductive and Inductive

The reasoning is much more perspicuous when the general principle is stated first , the particular case is placed under it ... Hence , students of the law have great difficulty in collecting legal rules from cases , though they are soon ...

Narrative Logic

A Semantic Analysis of the Historian's Language

In one sense , nevertheless , the phrase ' ( un ) true narratio ' can be meaningful , viz . in the case of ethical or legal reasoning where ' standards ' on which to model narratios are available . If a narratio correctly answers all ...