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Feminist Engagement with International Criminal Law

Norm Transfer, Complementarity, Rape and Consent

The work introduces the feminist strategy of 'norm transfer' to international criminal law; that is that notion that international standards trickle down to the national level and fill in any gaps in domestic legislation. Situating this strategy within the complementarity regime of the International Criminal Court (ICC), norm transfer may occur in two stages: the first stage involves transposing international norms into domestic law on international crimes through 'implementing legislation'. The second involves filtering these norms into domestic law or practice on domestic crimes. The work has at its centre the case study of the crime of rape. It draws attention to calls by non-governmental organisations and scholars for the domestic adoption of the ICC definition of rape for the purposes of rape as a domestic crime. By applying the lens of norm transfer to this debate, the book illustrates gaps in this definition and argues that the ICCs position on consent is not as clear cut as first thought. The book argues that the definition is in need of revision. It goes further, setting out draft legislative amendments to the 'Elements of Crimes' for the ICC and its 'Rules of Procedure and Evidence'. Finally it turns its attention to the domestic landscape, suggesting amendments to the United Kingdom (UK) Sexual Offences Act 2003 and to the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999: thereby showing how the revised version of the ICC definition can be used in the United Kingdom context.

The work introduces the feminist strategy of 'norm transfer' to international criminal law; that is that notion that international standards trickle down to the national level and fill in any gaps in domestic legislation.

Command Responsibility in International Criminal Law

This book offers an in-depth study of the command responsibility doctrine, pursuant to which military commanders and civilian leaders can be held responsible for the crimes committed by their subordinates that they failed to prevent or punish. This form of responsibility has gained much attention in the last years; however, it still presents several open questions and critical difficulties arise in its application. The author traces the roots of such criminal responsibility, from its military origins to its first appearances in international case law after World War II. Particular attention is given to the jurisprudence of the ad hoc Tribunals, which extensively elaborated on the issue, and to the provision of Article 28 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court. The book provides a systematic analysis of command responsibility, outlining its different forms and finding a proper role for it within the complex net of responsibilities that connotes the commission of international crimes. This book is an important contribution to the literature and worldwide discussion on command responsibility and therefore highly recommended to scholars of international law, criminal law and international criminal law as well as to all practitioners (judges, legal assistants, prosecutors, defence counsels) working at or with international tribunals, experts in the military field, investigators dealing with international crimes, NGOs and journalists. Chantal Meloni is working as a Researcher at the Criminal Law Department of the UniversitàdegliStudi of Milan, Italy. Since several years she specializes in international criminal law. She spent long research periods abroad, in particular at the Humboldt Universität of Berlin in Germany. She also worked at the International Criminal Court as a Legal Assistant in Chambers.

Chantal Meloni's in-depth study of the doctrine traces the roots of such criminal responsibility, from its military origins to its first appearances in the international case law after World War II. Particular attention is paid to the ...

Taking Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Seriously in International Criminal Law

Is the neglect of economic, social and cultural abuses in international criminal law a problem of positive international law or the result of choices made by lawyers involved in mechanisms such as criminal prosecutions or truth commissions? Evelyne Schmid explores this question via an assessment of the relationship between violations of economic, social and cultural rights and international crimes. Based on a thorough examination of the elements of international crimes, she demonstrates how a situation can simultaneously be described as a violation of economic, social and cultural rights and as an international crime. Against the background of the emerging debates on selectivity in international criminal law and the role of socio-economic and cultural abuses in transitional justice, she argues that international crimes overlapping with violations of economic, social and cultural rights deserve to be taken seriously, for much the same reasons as other international crimes.

Evelyne Schmid explores this question via an assessment of the relationship between violations of economic, social and cultural rights and international crimes.

Direct Application of International Criminal Law in National Courts

When national courts judge international crimes like genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, they can draw on both national and international criminal law. The relationship between these two bodies of law is not always clear. Can national courts base prosecutions of international crimes directly on international criminal law? In a world where national laws often proscribe international crimes in an incomplete or deficient manner, this question has considerable practical relevance for the enforcement of international criminal law. Yet, it has received little attention in doctrine while practice shows widely divergent approaches of national courts to the feasibility of direct application. The author examines the concept of the direct application of international criminal law in national courts. He provides a rich description of the relevant practice in many different States ranging from Argentina to Senegal. Easily accessible, this book is a valuable tool for academics and practitioners alike.

He provides a rich description of the relevant practice in many different States ranging from Argentina to Senegal. Easily accessible, this book is a valuable tool for academics and practitioners alike.

International Criminal Law

Cases and Materials

The fourth edition has been significantly updated, especially to reflect case trends in the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunals for Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda (encompassing, among other matters, individual responsibility, defenses, war crimes, genocide, and other crimes against humanity). Some of the chapters have new sub-subtitles and relevant domestic cases have been added or noted in various chapters. There are also additions to the Documents Supplement.

The fourth edition has been significantly updated, especially to reflect case trends in the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunals for Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda (encompassing, among other matters, ...

The New Histories of International Criminal Law

Retrials

The language of international criminal law has considerable traction in global politics, and much of its legitimacy is embedded in apparently 'axiomatic' historical truths. This innovative edited collection brings together some of the world's leading international lawyers with a very clear mandate in mind: to re-evaluate ('retry') the dominant historiographical tradition in the field of international criminal law. Carefully curated, and with contributions by leading scholars, The New Histories of International Criminal Law pursues three research objectives: to bring to the fore the structure and function of contemporary histories of international criminal law, to take issue with the consequences of these histories, and to call for their demystification. The essays discern several registers on which the received historiographical tradition must be retried: tropology; inclusions/exclusions; gender; race; representations of the victim and the perpetrator; history and memory; ideology and master narratives; international criminal law and hegemonic theories; and more. This book intervenes critically in the fields of international criminal law and international legal history by bringing in new voices and fresh approaches. Taken as a whole, it provides a rich account of the dilemmas, conundrums, and possibilities entailed in writing histories of international criminal law beyond, against, or in the shadow of the master narrative.

This book intervenes critically in the fields of international criminal law and international legal history by bringing in new voices and fresh approaches.

Critical Approaches to International Criminal Law

An Introduction

"This collection of essays is the first dedicated to the topic of critical approaches to international criminal law. This field has recently experienced a significant surge in scholarship, in institutions, and in public debate. Individual criminal accountability is firmly entrenched in both international law and the international consciousness as a necessary mechanism of responsibility. Yet international criminal law as a field has is largely unchecked and unquestioned. The speed at which international tribunals, such as the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, or the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and of course the permanent International Criminal Court, were established has left little time to ponder the assumptions which inform international criminal justice as it is currently understood. A more considered interrogation this field is, then, overdue. And, including papers from an international range of experts in this area, this book critically examines the central tenets of international criminal law: its limitations, as well as its complicities"--

This collection of essays is the first dedicated to the topic of critical approaches to international criminal law.