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The Building and Breaking of Peace

Corporate Activities in Civil War Prevention and Resolution

Private corporations are rarely discussed as playing a role in efforts to curb civil violence, even though they often have strong interests in maintaining stability. Violence often damages the infrastructure necessary to deliver goods to market or may directly target companies. Corporations also have a normative obligation to conduct business in ways that promote peace. While there are historical examples of firm-instigated violence and firms reaping benefits from instability and conflict, there is also evidence that corporations proactively engage in peacebuilding. For example, firms devise programs to promote economic development, offer access to education, and employ former combatants. In The Building and Breaking of Peace, Molly M. Melin develops a theory of the conflicting roles corporations play in both building and preventing peace. Melin shows that corporations engage in peacebuilding when there is a gap in the state's capacity to enforce laws, but they also weigh the opportunity costs of peacebuilding, responding to the need for action when conditions enable them to do so. Firms are uniquely situated in their ability to raise the cost of violence, and proactive firms can increase the years of peace in a country. At the same time, an active private sector can make it harder for states with ongoing conflict to reach an agreement, as they act as an additional veto player in the bargaining process. Including original cross-national data of peacebuilding efforts by firms in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa from 2000 to 2018, and in-depth case analyses of corporate actions and outcomes in Colombia, Northern Ireland, and Tunisia, Melin shows that corporations help to prevent violence but not resolve it. In examining the corporate motives for peacebuilding and the implications of these activities for preventing violence and conflict resolution, the book builds a more holistic picture of the peace and conflict process. The findings also help explain why armed civil conflicts persist despite the multitude of diverse actors working to end them.

For the benefit of digital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52–53) may, on occasion, appear on only ... 81 balance of payments (BoP), 71–72 Baltic Exchange, 89 Bananero Block, 68, 117 Bancolombia, 105–6 banking, 134, 144, ...

Menjadi Guru Profesional

Buku ini berisi cara menjadi guru Profesional

umum tujuan mengadakan kode etik adalah sebagai berikut: c. a. Untuk menjunjung tinggi martabat profesi Dalam hal ini kode etik dapat menjaga pandangan dan kesan dari pihak luar atau masyarakat, agar mereka jangan sampai memandang ...

Overcoming Fragmentation in Teacher Education Policy and Practice

A collaborative series with the University of Cambridge Faculty of Education highlighting leading-edge research across Teacher Education, International Education Reform and Language Education. The need for greater coherence between the different aspects of teacher education has long been recognised. The 'universitization' of initial teacher education is sometimes perceived as widening the gap between theory and practice. In many countries there is no firm alignment between initial teacher education, induction and continuing professional development. Teacher education drivers are related to national systems and represent conflicting forces on teacher education institutions. Neoliberal policy initiatives have resulted in greater fragmentation. This book considers these issues in an international context and aims to identify directions for future research in relation to teacher education policy and practice.

The function of this induction process is to help beginning teachers construct their professional identity and develop professional practices suited to the realities of school and integrated into their conceptions of good teaching.

Applying Communication Theory for Professional Life

A Practical Introduction

Applying Communication Theory for Professional Life: A Practical Introduction, Second Edition is the first communication theory textbook to provide practical material for career-oriented students. The inclusion and analysis of real-world case studies illustrate the application of theory in a variety of professional settings. Whereas other communication theory texts have a more academic focus on theory or research methods, this book is specifically designed to introduce communication theory in a tangible way. The featured theories are those that have strong pragmatic value and clear applicability to communication and business practitioners. Particular emphasis is placed on theories of intrapersonal communication, interpersonal interaction, intercultural encounters, persuasion, leadership, group communication, organizational behavior, and mass communication.

Whereas other communication theory texts have a more academic focus on theory or research methods, this book is specifically designed to introduce communication theory in a tangible way.

The Black Christian Worship Experience

and emerge from some residuals mixed with creative innovations for the new situation as the “ invisible institution ” ( Black Church ) during slavery and beyond : these practices emerge from residuals . Some of them come out of the ...

Mengembangkan Kompetensi Komunikasi Antarbudaya berbasis Kearifan Lokal untuk Membangun Keharmonisan Relasi Antar Etnis dan Agama

Daftar Isi Kata Pengantar ............................................................................... v Daftar Isi..................................................................................... xvii BAB I BUDAYA, KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA DAN KOMPETENSI BUDAYA ............................................................ 1 1.1 Relevansi Budaya dalam Komunikasi Antarbudaya ...................................................................... 1 1.2 Kompetensi Komunikasi Antarbudaya ....................... 11 1.2.1 Pengertian Kompetensi Komunikasi Antarbudaya ......................................................... 11 1.2.2 Komponen-komponen kompetensi komunikasi antarbudaya (Samovar, dkk., 2017: 61-62) ............................................................ 14 1.2.3 Model Kompetensi Budaya Deardorff .............. 19 1.2.4 Masalah-masalah umum yang dapat mengurangi kompetensi komunikasi ................ 20 1.3 Kearifan Lokal dan Kompetensi Komunikasi Antarbudaya .................................................................... 23 1.4 Pengelolaan Citra Diri untuk Resolusi Konflik: Sebuah Model Rujukan Teoritis .................................... 28 Catatan Akhir Bab BAB II ARGUMEN TELEOLOGIS KERAGAMAN BUDAYA ....... 33 2.1 Pendahuluan .................................................................... 33 2.2 Pandangan Keragaman Budaya (Cultural Diversity) Dunia Barat ..................................................... 35 2.2.1 Menyoal Relativisme Budaya: “Budaya yang berbeda memiliki kode moral yang berbeda”................................................................. 37 2.2.2 Ragam Pengertian ‘Keragaman Budaya’ yang berbasis Diskursus Identitas ..................... 43 2.2.3 Keragaman Budaya = Merayakan Perbedaan? ............................................................ 45 2.2.4 Keragaman Budaya menurut Teori Interaksionisme Simbolis (TIS) ........................... 47 2.3 Pandangan Dunia Non-Barat tentang Keragaman Budaya .............................................................................. 50 2.4 Dialog Barat dan Non-Barat tentang Keragaman Budaya .............................................................................. 58 2.4.1 Mengembangkan paham Multikulturalisme Kritis ....................................................................... 58 2.4.2 Kajian Komunikasi Media Baru Antarbudaya (INMS) ........................................... 66 2.5 Perjumpaan Keragaman Budaya dalam Komunikasi Antarbudaya.............................................. 72 Catatan Akhir Bab BAB III STRATEGI FACE NEGOTIATION BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DAN KOMPETENSI BUDAYA DALAM RESOLUSI KONFLIK ANTARETNIS: STUDI KASUS ETNIS BALI DAN LAMPUNG DI DESA BALINURAGA, LAMPUNG ..................................................... 81 3.1 Konflik Antaretnis dan Agama di Indonesia .............. 81 3.2 Resolusi Konflik berbasis Kearifan Lokal dan Kompetensi Budaya ........................................................ 90 3.3 Cultural setting Balinuraga, Kearifan Lokal, dan Kompetensi Budaya Etnis Lampung dan Etnis Bali ..................................................................................... 91 3.4 Konflik Etnis Bali-Hindu di Balinuraga dengan Etnis Lampung ................................................................ 92 3.4.1 Kronologis konflik, bentuk konflik, pohon konflik dan stake-holders konflik ......................... 92 xix 3.4.2 Bentuk–bentuk face atau citra diri etnis Bali dan etnis Lampung .............................................. 97 3.5 Kesimpulan .................................................................... 110 Catatan Akhir Bab BAB IV MANAJEMEN RELASI ANTARETNIS DAN AGAMA MASYARAKAT PAGAYAMAN DALAM MEMBANGUN KEHARMONISAN ..................................... 113 4.1 Konflik Antaretnis Di Indonesia ................................. 113 4.2 Budaya Dan Kearifan Lokal ......................................... 115 4.3 Pengaruh Budaya Dalam Konflik ............................... 118 4.4 Kompetensi Komunikasi Antarbudaya ..................... 120 4.5 Peran Budaya Dalam Membangun Toleransi Dan Keharmonisan Pada Masyarakat Pagayaman ........... 124 4.5.1 Setting Sosio-kultural Masyarakat Pagayaman .......................................................... 125 4.5.2 Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Desa Pagayaman .......................................................... 126 4.5.3 Kearifan Lokal dan Kompetensi Budaya Masyarakat Pagayaman Sebagai Modal Sosial Kultural ..................................................... 129 Catatan Akhir Bab BAB V JURNALISME DAMAI DAN ANALISIS FRAMING KONFLIK KEBERAGAMAN: BAGAIMANA MEDIA DARING MELIPUT PERISTIWA KEKERASAN DI GEREJA ST. LIDWINA, YOGYAKARTA ............................ 135 5.1 Pendahuluan .................................................................. 135 5.2 Framing Media dan Publik ........................................... 138 5.3 Jurnalisme Damai .......................................................... 141 5.4 Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Peristiwa di Gereja St. Lidwina, Yogyakarta ............................................... 145 5.5 Jurnalisme Damai dalam Pemberitaan Peristiwa di Gereja St. Lidwina Yogyakarta ............................... 157 5.6 Simpulan ........................................................................ 163 Catatan Akhir Bab BAB VI STRATEGI AKOMODASI KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM RELASI ANTARETNIS DI KAMPUNG SAWAH, JAKARTA Sesilia Sophia Kadita & Veronika ......................................... 165 6.1 Kampung Sawah dan Nilai Toleransinya .................. 165 6.2 Kearifan lokal yang dimiliki Masyarakat Kampung Sawah ........................................................... 170 6.3 Strategi akomodasi konvergensi pada masyarakat Kampung Sawah ........................................................... 172 6.4 Kompetensi Budaya masyarakat Kampung Sawah . 176 6.5 Simpulan ........................................................................ 180 Catatan Akhir Bab BAB VII PERAN KOMPETENSI ANTAR BUDAYA DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM MEMBANGUN SIKAP TOLERANSI ANTARBUDAYA DAN ANTAR-AGAMA: STUDI KASUS DI DUSUN BUNENG, DESA BORO, KABUPATEN BLITAR, PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR ......................................................................................... 183 7.1 Pendahuluan .................................................................. 183 7.2 Perumusan Masalah ..................................................... 188 7.3 Teori dan Konsep .......................................................... 189 7.3.1 Teori Akomodasi Komunikasi .......................... 189 7.3.2 Budaya dan Kearifan Lokal .............................. 190 7.3.3 Kompetensi Komunikasi Antarbudaya........... 192 7.4 Jenis dan Metode Penelitian ........................................ 194 7.5 Objek Penelitian............................................................. 197 7.6 Hasil Penelitian .............................................................. 197 7.6.1 Setting Masyarakat Dusun Buneng dan Relasi Antar Etnis dan Antar Agama .............. 197 7.6.2 Penerapan Strategi Akomodasi Komunikasi di dusun Buneng ................................................ 199 7.6.3 Kompetensi komunikasi antarbudaya yang dimiliki masyarakat di Dusun Buneng ........... 203 7.7 Pembahasan ................................................................... 213 7.8 Kesimpulan .................................................................... 216 Catatan Akhir Bab DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................. 219 PROFIL TIM PENELITI ........................................................... 231 INDEKS ....................................................................................... 235

Sedangkan umat Islam di Buneng memandang Islam sebagai Rahmatan-lil-alamin: "menjadikan Islam sebagai rahmat bagi seluruh alam, bukan hanya keselamatan bagi manusia tetapi juga untuk alam lainnya. Islam yang menyelamatkan adalah Islam ...

Human Rights in Islamic North Africa

Clashes Between Constitutional Laws and Penal Codes

It is one thing to craft superb human rights tenets in a constitution and another to enforce such policies in practice. This book explores the contradictions between interpretations of constitutional tenets and the dogmas contained in the penal code of Islamic North Africa--particularly in regard to Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia. Provided are brief histories of each country that connect the colonial past to present-day human rights records. The author also suggests ways in which to mitigate human rights infractions to advance peaceful coexistence that could promote political and economic development.

Such communications may be received and considered according to the procedures laid down in this article only if ... No communication shall be dealt with by the Committee under this article if it concerns a State Party which has not ...

DIALEKTIKA HUKUM SANG PUAN (HAMPARAN PEMIKIRAN DOSEN PEREMPUAN FAKULTAS HUKUM)

DAFTAR ISI KATA SAMBUTAN ................................................................. v KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................. vi DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................ vii HAK KONSUMEN DALAM BINGKAI HAK ASASI MANUSIA | Desi Apriani ...................................................... 1 A. Pendahuluan ................................................................. 1 B. Pembahasan ................................................................... 4 C. Penutup ........................................................................ 16 D. Daftar Pustaka ............................................................. 17 FIDUSIA SEBAGAI PRANATA JAMINANAN KEBENDAAN | Erlina .......................................................... 19 A. Pendahuluan ............................................................... 19 B. Proses Terjadinya Jaminan Fidusia .......................... 23 D. Hapusnya Jaminan Fidusia ....................................... 28 E. Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia .......................................... 30 F. Penutup ........................................................................ 34 G. Daftar pustaka ............................................................. 36 H. Biodata Singkat Penulis ............................................. 37 POLITIK HUKUM PENGATURAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DALAM KONSTITUSI NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA | Ellydar Chaidir ...................... 39 A. Pendahuluan ............................................................... 39 B. Pembahasan ................................................................. 41 C. Penutup ........................................................................ 63 D. Daftar Pustaka ............................................................. 64 E. Biodata Penulis ............................................................ 65 WOMEN TRAFFICKING SEBAGAI BENTUK PELANGGARAN TERHADAP HAK ASASI MANUSIA | Heni Susanti .................................................... 67 A. Perempuan Dan Hak Asasi Manusia ....................... 67 B. Problematika Sosial Perempuan Dalam Penegakan Ham Di Indonesia .................................. 72 C. Aspek Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia Terhadap Perdagangan Perempuan ........................ 77 D. Daftar Pustaka ............................................................. 87 E. Biodata Penulis ............................................................ 87 PENERAPAN DUE PROCESS OF LAW TERHADAP PENANGGULANGAN KEJAHATAN TERORISME | July Wiarti ............................................................................ 89 A. Latar Belakang ............................................................. 89 B. Rumusan Masalah ...................................................... 92 C. Pembahasan ................................................................. 92 D. Kesimpulan ................................................................ 102 E. Saran ........................................................................... 102 F. Daftar Pustaka ........................................................... 103 G. Biodata Penulis .......................................................... 105 UPAH MINIMUM PEKERJA MENURUT PERATURAN PEMERINTAH REPUBLIK INDONESIA NO. 78 TAHUN 2015TENTANG PENGUPAHAN | Lidia Febrianti ..................................... 107 A. Pendahuluan ............................................................. 107 B. Upah Minimum ........................................................ 110 C. Bentuk Perlindungan Upah .................................... 115 D. Hubungan Kerja ........................................................ 118 E. Peraturan Pemerintah No. 78 Tahun 2015 Tentang Pengupahan ............................................... 122 F. Daftar Pustaka ........................................................... 124 G. Biodata ........................................................................ 125 PARADIGAMA APPLY THEORY DALAM MEMBANGUN IMPLEMENTASI HAK ASASI MANUSIA (HAM) TERHADAP AKIBAT LEGALITAS AKTA NOTARIS TENTANG PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN (HUWDLIJKSE VOORWAARDEN) DALAM HARTA KEKAYAAN DI HUBUNGKAN DENGAN ASAS KEPASTIAN HUKUM | R.Febrina Andarina Zaharnika ...................... 127 A. Pendahuluan ............................................................. 128 B. Pembahasan ............................................................... 132 C. Penutup ...................................................................... 148 D. Daftar Pustaka ........................................................... 150 E. Biodata ........................................................................ 151 PENGATURAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERTANGGUNG AKIBAT PENETAPAN POLIS STANDAR ASURANSI DI INDONESIA | Selvi Harvia Santri ......................................................................... 153 A. Pendahuluan ............................................................. 153 B. Pembahasan ............................................................... 157 C. Penutup ...................................................................... 164 D. Daftar Pustaka ........................................................... 164 E. Biodata Penulis .......................................................... 168 KESENJANGAN SOSIAL DALAM PENEGAKKAN HUKUM PELAKSANAAN PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DI INDONESIA (KETIDAKSESUAIAN PENERAPAN ASAS KEADILAN BAGI KONSUMEN) | Sri Arlina .............. 169 A. Abstrak ....................................................................... 170 B. Pendahuluan ............................................................. 171 C. Pembahasan ............................................................... 178 D. Kesimpulan ................................................................ 198 E. Daftar Pustaka ........................................................... 200 DEMOKRASI DAN SYURO DALAM HUKUM ISLAM SERTA IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA | Umi Muslikhah ......................................... 203 A. Pendahuluan ............................................................. 203 B. Pembahasan ............................................................... 206 C. Penutup ...................................................................... 225 D. Daftar Pustaka ........................................................... 226 RELEVANSI SISTEM MULTIPARTAI DAN SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN PRESIDENSIL TERHADAP KOALISI KABINET DI PARLEMEN | Moza Dela Fudika ................................................................. 229 A. Pendahuluan ............................................................. 231 B. Tinjauan Pustaka....................................................... 234 C. Pembahasan ............................................................... 240 D. Penutup ...................................................................... 250 E. Daftar Pustaka ........................................................... 251 F. Biodata Penulis .......................................................... 253

DAFTAR ISI KATA SAMBUTAN ................................................................. v KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................. vi DAFTAR ISI ........................................................ ...