Pendidikan hukum saat ini cenderung berorientasi kepada hukum yang tertulis, yang selalu mementingkan aturan dari pada kenyataan sosial. Oleh sebab itu sangat sulit bagi kita untuk meretas pandangan sosial dalam ilmu hukum. Hal itu disebabkan pemikiran hukum yang selama ini dipakai merupakan alur berpikir yang mengikuti paham positivisme. Pemikiran para ahli hukum pada umumnya dikuasai paham yang bersifat positivistis, mengikuti paham filsafat positivisme, yang sejak abad ke-18, dengan paham Cartesian-Newtonian-nya telah berkembang dengan cepat. Akibat dari pemikiran positivisme hukum ini menjadikan pendidikan hukum hanyalah sebuah ruang yang penuh dengan formalisme samata, sementara hal yang substansial cenderung dikesampingkan. Dengan berbagai metode penalaran hukum, logika hukum mereka dikenal oleh masyarakat sebagai lulusan yang pasti menguasai hukum positif. Di Perguruan Tinggi Hukum, mereka diajrakan berbagai rumus keteraturan, sementara ilmu untuk menemukan ketidakteratran disembunyikan rapat-rapat. Dengan demikian tentunya sangat sulit bagi mereka untuk mengenali hukum dari segi sosialnya yang penuh dengan ketidakteraturan.
Sebagai perbandingan, di kalangan akademisi hukum Belanda, misalnya, De
Geest, berperdapat bahwa ”is” dan ”ought” (harus) terpisah sama sekali. Bagi De
Geest pencampuradukan ”is” dan ”ought” adalah suatu dosa ilmiah yang ...
The birth of democracies owes much to the interventions and mobilizations of ordinary people. Yet many feel as though they have inherited democratic institutions which do not deliver for the people – that a rigid democratic process has been imposed from above, with increasing numbers of people feeling left out or left behind. In this well-researched volume, leading political sociologist Donatella della Porta rehabilitates the role social movements have long played in fostering and deepening democracy, particularly focusing on progressive movements of the Left which have sought to broaden the plurality of voices and knowledge in democratic debate. Bridging social movement studies and democratic theory, della Porta investigates contemporary innovations in times of crisis, particularly those in the direction of participatory and deliberative practices – ‘crowd-sourced constitutions’, referendums from below and movement parties – and reflects on the potential and limits of such alternative politics. In a moment in which concerns increase for the potential disruption of a Great Regression led by xenophobic movements and parties, the cases and analyses of resistance in this volume offer important material for students and scholars of political sociology, political science and social movement studies.
In this well-researched volume, leading political sociologist Donatella della Porta rehabilitates the role social movements have long played in fostering and deepening democracy, particularly focusing on progressive movements of the Left ...
The emergence of new information communication technologies—such as the Internet and social media networking sites and platforms—has strongly affected social movement activism. In this compelling and timely book, Victoria Carty examines these movements and their uses of digital technologies within the context of social movement theory and history. With an accessible and unique mix of theory and real-world examples, Social Movements and New Technology takes readers on a tour through MoveOn and Tea Party e-mail campaigns, the hacktavist tactics of Anonymous, global online protests against rapists and rape culture, and the tweets and Facebook pages that accompanied uprisings across the Arab world, Europe, and the United States. In each case study, the reader is invited to examine the movement, organization or protest and their use of digital tools through the lens of social movement theory. Discussion questions at the end of each chapter invite critical thinking and further reflection and debate.
With an accessible and unique mix of theory and real-world examples, Social Movements and New Technology takes readers on a tour through MoveOn and Tea Party e-mail campaigns, the hacktavist tactics of Anonymous, global online protests ...
This book investigates if and how social movement campaigns influence European policy, a particularly pertinent question in today's political climate of disillusionment with Europe in many member states. Using a range of campaigns launched by social movement organisations, from genetically modified organisms and Internet freedom to trade union rights and water rights, Parks elucidates the important differences between technical and political campaigns. Technical campaigns are characterised by extended engagement with consultation mechanisms and the production of expert information, particularly for the European Commission. In political campaigns, social movement organisations target the EU at national and local levels, using strategies reminiscent of social movements as they are more commonly known. A comparison of the campaigns suggests that targeting member state governments with protest and harnessing public opinion is central to securing influence over EU policy, and that where national and local levels are made integral to efforts in shaping European policy, influence is more likely.
This is an introductory overview of Islamic law, and the first designed specifically for undergraduates in religious and Islamic studies, and covers both contemporary and historical aspects"
This is an introductory overview of Islamic law, and the first designed specifically for undergraduates in religious and Islamic studies, and covers both contemporary and historical aspects"
Selain demi melanjutkan keturunan (prokreasi), berhubungan seksual juga sumber kesenangan (re-kreasi).* Lebih dari itu, agama memandang aktivitas seks bagi suami istri sebagai ibadah. Bahkan dalam hadis lain ketika seorang suami memandang istrinya atau sebaliknya dengan penuh syahwat untuk bercumbu atau berjimak, Allah memandang mereka dengan pandangan rahmat. Pastinya, hadis ini hanya berarti jika perbuatan seksual dilakukan jauh di atas hubungan fisik semata. ==================== Buku ini mengajarkan bahwa, muslim yang baik perlu memahami tuntunan Islam mengenai seks agar perilaku dan kebutuhan seksnya mengantarkan pada kenikmatan, kesenangan, kesehatan, serta keindahan lahir dan batin, mempunyai nilai di hadapan Allah. Diterbitkan oleh penerbit Serambi Ilmu Semesta. (Serambi Group)
Selain demi melanjutkan keturunan (prokreasi), berhubungan seksual juga sumber kesenangan (re-kreasi).* Lebih dari itu, agama memandang aktivitas seks bagi suami istri sebagai ibadah.
