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During the past decade, there have been numerous direct and indirect scientific contributions to both the etiology and therapy of aplastic anemia and related bone marrow failure syndromes. Clinical observations, such as autologous bone marrow recovery after conditioning with immunosup pressive agents for bone marrow transplantation; failure to achieve en graftment in some identical twins without prior immunosuppressive ther apy; and hematologic response to immunosuppressive agents, have led to the concept of immune-mediated etiology of acquired aplastic anemia. Such a concept was further strengthened by laboratory findings, implicat ing the role of activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes and abnormal produc tion of inhibitory lymphokines. The immunologic mechanisms may also apply to the idiosyncratic bone marrow aplasias associated with drugs, toxic chemicals, and viruses. These agents may alter normal cellular recog nition sites by interacting with cellular components and result in loss of self tolerance. Immunologic mechanisms have long been advocated in many other organ failures, and the hemopoietic organ is no exception. It is of interest that parallel clinical and laboratory investigations in juvenile diabetes mellitus type I and in rodent models of this disease have yielded results compatible with the same pathogenic mechanisms. The infiltration of pancreatic islets by activated T lymphocytes, functional and morphological alterations of islet cells upon incubation with lymphokines such as gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor, and clinical response to cyclosporine are a few examples.
During the past decade, there have been numerous direct and indirect scientific contributions to both the etiology and therapy of aplastic anemia and related bone marrow failure syndromes.
Research on aplastic anaemia has until recently been limited to clinical description, morphology and epidemiology. New methods to culture haemopoietic cells, and advances in our knowledge of proliferation and differentiation in the haemopoietic cell system .opened a new area of scientific interest for this "prototype" of haemopoietic failure. In addition, bone marrow transplantation became not only a clinical method of treatment, but also a source of data useful for the discussion of pathophysiological models of aplastic anaemia. This situation prompted us to arrange an international con ference on aplastic anaemia, with particular emphasis on its patho physiology and the rationals of the current therapeutic approaches. This conference was held at Schloss Reisensburg from July 20-22, 1978 with the participation of both experimental and clinical scientists active in this field or in related areas of research. The proceedings of the symposion reflect the present knowledge as well as the many new questions which arose from the discussions. The editors are gratefully indebted to the participants of this meeting, to Gerlinde Trogele and all the co-workers of the Uni versity of Ulm engaged in preparation of this symposium and of this volume, and last not least to all sponsors who provided the financial basis for this scientific event.
The editors are gratefully indebted to the participants of this meeting, to Gerlinde Trogele and all the co-workers of the Uni versity of Ulm engaged in preparation of this symposium and of this volume, and last not least to all sponsors ...
This book by the National Institutes of Health (Publication 11-7629) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute provides an overview of anemia. You've probably picked up this book because you've read about anemia and are curious to learn more. Perhaps you've just been diagnosed, or a family member has been. Or, you've had anemia for a while, and you want to learn more about it. People of all ages, races, and ethnicities can develop anemia at some point in their lives. There are many types of anemia, and they are linked to a variety of diseases and conditions. Some types of anemia are very common, and some are very rare. Some are very mild and have little or no impact on a person's life. Some are severe and can even be life-threatening if not treated aggressively. All anemias have one thing in common, though: They all affect your blood, and that affects your overall health. The good news is that anemia often can be successfully treated or even prevented. It starts with general information—what causes anemia, who is at risk, how it's diagnosed, and how it's treated. Then, the book goes into more detail about major types of anemia: iron-deficiency, pernicious, aplastic, and hemolytic. The book wraps up with some closing thoughts about leading a healthy lifestyle, working with your doctor, and talking with your family. These are important things to think about when it comes to anemia. The book doesn't provide detailed information about all types of anemia.
These are important things to think about when it comes to anemia. The book doesn't provide detailed information about all types of anemia.
I am prepared to predict that this monograph by Dr. Ernest Beutler will long serve as a model for monographs dealing with topics in medical science. I make this bold statement because we encounter in this work a degree of accuracy and authoritativeness well beyond that found in much of the medical literature. Too often, a monograph is simply a review of past reviews. The preparation of an exhaustive and completely accurate study such as the present one is a very laborious task; consequently, many authors make extensive use of the reviews of earlier writers assum ing that the latter have checked and evaluated each previously published report. Unfortunately, however, this assumption of validity has not al ways been correct. Dr. Beutler, who is a world authority on the subject about which he writes, was determined to make this book as correct and complete as possible, and, to this end, has checked all the original sources. Nowhere else will such an exhaustive bibliography be found. Moreover, he has also undertaken to reevaluate in the light of current knowledge material pub lished in earlier days. This he is eminently able to do, and in some in stances his investigations have resulted in new interpretations. The result is a volume that will be recognized as truly the last word on this important subject.
I make this bold statement because we encounter in this work a degree of accuracy and authoritativeness well beyond that found in much of the medical literature. Too often, a monograph is simply a review of past reviews.
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