A general problem in qualitative physics is determining the consequences of assumptions about the behavior of a system. If the space of behaviors is represented by an envisionment, many such consequences can be represented by pruning states from the envisionment. This paper provides a formal logic of occurrence which justifies the algorithms involved and provides a language for relating specific histories to envisionments. The concepts and axioms are general enough to be applicable to any system of qualitative physics. We further propose the concept of transverse quantities as a general solution to qualitative versions of Zeno's paradox. The utility of these ideas is illustrated by a rational reconstruction of the pruning algorithms used in FROB, a working AI program.
... one to allow reasoning with partial information : Axiom 5 ( InitialStates Existence ) | InitialStates ( R ) / 2 1 . ... We need to refine the notion of paths to include the notion of a legal path : Axiom 7 ( Path legality ) A path p ...
The same pattern of reasoning is used extensively in legal proceedings , where experts and eyewitnesses routinely testify . The information gained by police investigators from witnesses and informants comprises the bulk of their ...
"It is a measure of Professor Samuelson's preeminence that the sheer scale of hiswork should be so much taken for granted," observes a reviewer in the Economist who goes on to notethat "a cynic might add that it would have been better for Professor Samuelson to write less merelyto give others a chance to write at all."In fact, Samuelson's output, his "extraordinary mastery ofmethods, both mathematical and linguistic" (review of Volume 4 of The Collected Scientific Papers),have not diminished. Volume 5 collects 108 articles written since 1976, bringing the total to nearly400 important contributions to economics. As in earlier volumes, the papers are arranged by subject.They cover Economic Theory: Marx, Keynes, and Schumpeter; International Economics; StochasticTheory; Classical Economics; Mathematical Biology; Biographical and Autobiographical Writings; andCurrent Economics and Policy.Volumes 1 through 4 encompass more than 280 articles. The first twocontain virtually all of Samuelson's contributions to economic theory through mid-1964; Volume 3contains all the scientific papers written from mid-1964 through 1970, and the last volume bringshis work up to through 1976.Paul Samuelson received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1970 and isInstitute Professor of Economics Emeritus at MIT. Kate Crowley edited volume 4 of The CollectedScientific Papers with Hiroaki Nagatani.
The first twocontain virtually all of Samuelson's contributions to economic theory through mid-1964; Volume 3contains all the scientific papers written from mid-1964 through 1970, and the last volume bringshis work up to through 1976.Paul ...
In a fiercely fought provincial election in 1919, a new political movement came to power in Ontario. The victorious party was the United Farmers of Ontario. Its leader, Ernest Charles Drury (1878-1968), became the province's eighth premier. Idealists agrarian reformer, staunch temperance man, free-trade advocate, Simcoe County 'yeoman,' and progressive populist, Drury was a man of the people and of the land, inevitably tagged the Framer Premier. In this biography, Charles M. Johnston follows the career of Drury through agrarian activism and partisan politics, and explores the personal and ideological forces that directed him. Drury began his career in the farm movement as leader of the Dominion Grange and Farmers' Alliance. He went on to act as the driving force behind the Canadian Council of Agriculte, and then co-founded the UFO in 1913. Activist though he was , Drury as premier sought no dramatic departures from established political procedues.When others of his party did, notably J.J. Morrison and W.C. Good, drury disavowed their class-consciousness and their formula of group government. Instead he advocated the creation of a people's party, based on what he called Broadening Out - an appeal to all citizens, regardless of class, occupiaton, or political stripe, who were seen to share the farmer's desire for a more humane, moral, and progressive society in the wake of the First World War. The question of Broadening Out was a controversial one with agrarian ranks, and it led to dissension among the leaders. This weakening of the party combined with the shrewd tactics of Howard Ferguson's Tories to bring about the Drury government's downfall in 1923. During its four years in power it had enacted some solid social welfare legislation, but its defeat was resounding. With it came the effective end of Drury's political career. Johnston offers a reveal study of a brief chapter in Ontario history and of the man whose principles and ideals shaped it.
With it came the effective end of Drury's political career. Johnston offers a reveal study of a brief chapter in Ontario history and of the man whose principles and ideals shaped it.
