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Islamic Republic of Mauritania

Staff Report for the 2014 Article IV Consultation

KEY ISSUES Context. Mauritania’s economy has benefited from macroeconomic stability and high growth in the context of contained inflation, responsible macro-policies, high iron ore prices and scaled-up public investment. However, economic growth has not translated into broadly improved living standards and is being hit by a sharp decline in iron ore prices. Outlook and Risks. Although the outlook remains favorable, it hinges heavily on stabilizing iron ore prices and expanding mining capacity. Downside risks to the outlook dominate because iron ore prices may decline further in response to excess supply in the global market. Key Policy Recommendations. With high risk of debt distress and deteriorating terms of trade, Mauritania’s fiscal policy needs to remain focused on consolidation to support fiscal sustainability. Over the medium term, a fiscal framework with a full-fledged fiscal rule will help prevent the boom–bust cycles that ensue from volatility in natural resource revenue, and with strengthened governance in managing mining wealth. The central bank should take advantage of the low-inflation environment to strengthen monetary policy formulation, gradually liberalize the foreign exchange market, and introduce liquidity support and banking resolution frameworks. The implementation of the recent FSAP recommendations should be pursued to enhance the stability of the financial sector stability. Economic diversification and inclusive growth are the foremost medium-term challenges. The authorities should accelerate structural reforms needed to raise Mauritania’s potential growth, create jobs, and improve living standards for all Mauritanians. Article VIII. A comprehensive analysis of the foreign exchange market identified exchange restrictions and multiple currency practices (MCPs) subject to Fund approval under Article VIII. Effective November 20, 2013, the exchange rate regime is classified as “stabilized” arrangement.

15–28, 2011 TA mission Customs Administration Bank Supervision Bank Restructuring Capacity Building on Tax Administration Cash ... 18–29, 2011 Review TA mission Public Financial Management Bank Supervision and Regulation Bank Financial ...

Writing for Broadcast News

A Storytelling Approach to Crafting TV and Radio News Reports

Describes the storytelling elements of a broadcast news story. It shows students and professionals of radio and TV journalism how to apply structure to stories. Use cases of news reports and evaluation checklists are presented.

Describes the storytelling elements of a broadcast news story. It shows students and professionals of radio and TV journalism how to apply structure to stories. Use cases of news reports and evaluation checklists are presented.

WTO, E-commerce and Information Technologies

From the Uruguay Round Through the Doha Development Agenda : a Report to the UN ICT Task Force

This paper presents an overview of one of the most important processes today determining the governance of information technology: the growing role of the World Trade Organization. The application of the WTO's rules-based trading system to the goods, services, and intellectual property that facilitate e-commerce, or that are traded via e-commerce, has a clear impact on the policies adopted by WTO Members to promote the development of the physical, human, and legal infrastructure for e-commerce. It is therefore essential that all stakeholders have a better understanding of the issues at stake.

... responsibilities between home and host countries in supervising and regulating cross - border electronic banking services.291 Several submissions also shed light on regulatory trade barriers impeding crossborder electronic financial ...

ATM Surcharges

Business Practices, Consumer Protection and State Regulatory Policy : Information Hearing Report

The Islamic Republic of Iran

Report on Public Financial Management, Procurement, and Expenditure Systems in Iran

This review aims to describe, and to the extent possible, analyze public expenditure management systems in Iran, including those involved in budget formulation and execution, financial management, procurement, and oversight (but not the management of the civil service). As such, it contains elements of a Public Expenditure Review, a Country Financial Accountability Assessment, and a Country Procurement Assessment Report. The report stops short of recommending additional or different reforms or action programs, pending further collaborative work within the agreed multiyear program. This report presents a baseline of understanding, bolstered by selected analytical and comparative diagnoses, on which the Bank can begin to tailor its work with Iran in the area of public financial management. The main chapters of the report thus summarize the size, structure, and functioning of the Iranian budget system, covering public spending performance, resource allocation, and expenditure execution. The final chapter contains a framework for assessing public financial risk in Iran, which summarizes the salient risk characteristics of the Iranian system and efforts to attenuate them. This framework could provide an agenda for future discussions on follow-up work.

This review aims to describe, and to the extent possible, analyze public expenditure management systems in Iran, including those involved in budget formulation and execution, financial management, procurement, and oversight (but not the ...

The EC Member States and Immigration in 1993

Closed Borders, Stringent Attitudes : Synthesis Report of the Information Network on Migration from Third Countries (RIMET)

... State aid with assistance from the European Social Fund . alone 232 This means taking on some 5 000 " neighbourhood mothers " for the OPSTAP programme to help with the cognitive development of children , whatever their origin .

Reportase

Panduan Praktis Reportase untuk Media Televisi

Hampir seluruh catatan “perjalanan jurnalistik” sang penulis, yang disebutnya begitu bersejarah dalam hidupnya itu dicurahkan dan menjadi bagian penting dari substansi isi buku ini; semacam “roh” yang mengelaborasi sejumlah teori jurnalisme media televisi. Melalui buku bertajuk “reportase” ini disajikan teori dasar jurnalisme disertai catatan penting pengalaman di lapangan yang mumpuni, seperti “Teror” Media Televisi, Media Televisi, Jurnalis Televisi, Berita Media Cetak dan Televisi, Teknik Reportase Media Televisi, Rerportase Bidang Hukrim, Sosbud, Polkam/Ekbis, Reportase Secara Stand-Up, Reportase di Daerah Konflik, dan Jurnalisme Damai. Buku ini diharapkan bisa memenuhi dahaga para mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi khususnya dan juga umumnya bagi para calon jurnalis televisi, para peminat kajian media televisi, dan para pencinta kebenaran yang disampaikan oleh para jurnalis. Semoga tercerahkan di dalam dunia jurnalistik.

Selain itu, perlu pembahasan tersendiri menyangkut teknik wawancara dengan narasumber. Catatan terpenting dalam kegiatan wawancara yaitu kemampuan menemukan narasumber yang tepat untuk menjadi bagian dari berita kita; ...

An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Using Stata®

From Research Design to Final Report

An Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Using Stata® by Lisa Daniels and Nicholas Minot provides a step-by-step introduction for statistics, data analysis, or research methods classes with Stata. Concise descriptions emphasize the concepts behind statistics for students rather than the derivations of the formulas. With real-world examples from a variety of disciplines and extensive detail on the commands in Stata, this text provides an integrated approach to research design, statistical analysis, and report writing for social science students.

With real-world examples from a variety of disciplines and extensive detail on the commands in Stata, this text provides an integrated approach to research design, statistical analysis, and report writing for social science students.

Inter-Media Agenda Setting and Social Media

Understanding the Interplay Among Chinese Social Media, Chinese State-Owned Media and U.S. News Organizations on Reporting the Two Sessions

When examining inter-media agenda setting effects among different media, a considerable body of study focuses on whether online media news agenda is influenced by other media, such as newspaper and TV network. With the boom of social media platform, this study started to examine whether social media could act as an influencer. This study explored the inter-media agenda setting effects among Sina Micro Blog, two Chinese state-owned news media -People's Daily and Xinhua News Agency, and two U.S. news organizations - the New York Times and the Associated Press on covering the 2013 Two Sessions in China. Content analysis and cross-lag correlation analysis were applied to determine whether evidence of inter-media agenda setting influences existed among the selected media channels. The results indicated that Chinese social media might set news agenda for Chinese state-owned media throughout the whole examined time span. However, reciprocal effect was not found. The propaganda tools of Chinese government seemed to have no impact on the news agenda of social media platform. In terms of the international news flow, U.S. news organizations had no influence on all the Chinese media channels when covering this political event. However, both Chinese social media and state-owned news media impact the agenda of U.S. news media through the first two time periods. The inter-media agenda setting effects were partly supported.

When examining inter-media agenda setting effects among different media, a considerable body of study focuses on whether online media news agenda is influenced by other media, such as newspaper and TV network.