Sebanyak 64 item atau buku ditemukan

Symbolic Logic and Other Forms of Deductive Reasoning

This text does not presuppose any technical background in math or logic. The first seven chapters cover all the basic components of a first course in symbolic logic, including truth tables, rules for devising formal proofs of validity, multiple quantifiers, properties of relations, enthymemes, and identity. (One exception is that truth trees are not discussed.) The five operator symbols used are: (.) and, (v) or, ( ) not, and also if-then, represented by the sideways U and material equivalence represented by the triple line. There are also four chapters which can be studied without symbolic logic background. Chapter 8 is a study of 7 immediate inferences in Aristotelian logic using A, E, I, O type statements with a detailed proof concerning what existential assumptions are involved. Chapter 9 is a study of classic Boolean syllogism using Venn diagrams to show the validity or invalidity of syllogisms. Chapter 10 is a study of the type of probability problems that are deductive (example: having 2 aces in 5 cards drawn from a randomized deck of cards). Chapter 11 is a study of the types of problems that are often found on standardized tests where certain data are given, and then multiple-choice questions are given where the single correct answer is determined by the data. In the symbolic logic chapters, it is shown many times how putting English statements into symbolic notation reveals the complexity (and sometimes ambiguity) of natural language. Many examples are given of the usage of logic in everyday life, with statements to translate taken from musicals, legal documents, federal tax instructions, etc. Several sections involve arguments given in English, which must be translated into symbolic notation before proof of validity is given. Chapter 7 ends with a careful presentation of Richard's Paradox, challenging those who dismiss the problem because it is not strictly mathematical. The conclusion of this chapter is the most controversial part of the text. Richard's paradox is used to construct a valid symbolic logic proof that Cantor's procedure does not prove there are nondenumerable sets, with a challenge to the reader to identify and prove which premise of the argument is false. There are several uncommon features of the text. For example, there is a section where it is shown how the rules of logic are used in solving Sudoku puzzles. Another section challenges students to devise arguments (premises and conclusion) that can be solved in a certain number of steps (say 3) only by using a certain 3 rules, one time each (for example, Modus Ponens, Simplification, and Conjunction). In proofs of invalidity, if there are 10 simple statements (for example), there are 1024 possible combinations of truth values that the 10 statements can have. But the premises and conclusions are set up so that only 1 of these combinations will make all the premises true and the conclusion false - and this 1 way can be found by forced truth-value assignments, with no need to take options. Another unusual section of the text defines the five operator symbols as relations (for example, Cxy = x conjuncted with y is true), and then statements about the operators are given to determine whether the statements are true or false. To aid in deciding what sections to cover in a given course or time frame, certain sections are labeled "optional" as an indication that understanding these sections is not presupposed by later sections in the text. Although there are a ton of problems with answers in the text, any teacher using this text for a course can receive free of charge an answer book giving answers to all the problems not answered in the text, plus a few cases of additional problems not given in the text, also with answers. Send your request to [email protected], and you will be sent an answer key using your address at the school where you teach.

This text does not presuppose any technical background in math or logic.

Wrong Side of History

America's Alliance with Islamic Terrorists

"Over 4 Million Innocent People Will Be Slaughtered If Assad Falls," Senator Richard Black describing the misguided efforts of the United State's crusade to take out President Bashar al Assad of Syria. What you will not hear in the media, which will be shared with you in this book, is that the United States has formed an unwritten alliance with Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Turkey to take out Assad, the president of Syria. These three regimes are some of the most brutal, oppressive regimes that have ever existed in human history. It is well documented that they all have brutal dictatorships with aggressively oppressive governments. Senator Richard Black has studied Syria every day for the past 7 years. With his experience in the Middle East, as well as his day to day studies, he felt compelled in 2014 to write a letter directly to President Assad. The complete details of that letter is included in this book along with Senator Black's own words as to why he wrote the letter and what he hoped would come out of it. Not long after the letter was sent, President Assad reached out to Senator Black and invited him to visit the country. Consequently, Black went on a 3-day visit to meet and to talk with President Assad directly in Syria. You will learn what happened during that trip to Syria and what Senator Black learned about the country and about both Bashar al Assad and his wife Asma Assad. You will also learn how and why tensions between Russia and the United States have escalated unnecessarily and have become very serious. Black shares the downward path NATO has been on for the last three decades; from a defensive peace coalition to a brutal organization that continues war for its own survival. This ebook includes the transcript from an interview with Senator Richard Black on Business Game Changers radio with Sarah Westall. It also includes additional content and documents, including Black's letter to President Assad.

What you will not hear in the media, which will be shared with you in this book, is that the United States has formed an unwritten alliance with Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Turkey to take out Assad, the president of Syria.

Scientific Paper Writing

A Survival Guide

This book provides an entertaining, informative and easy to read guide for PhD students and others on how to write and publish a scientific paper. The book is illustrated by Jorge Cham, creator of PhD Comics (www.phdcomics.com).

This book provides an entertaining, informative and easy to read guide for PhD students and others on how to write and publish a scientific paper. The book is illustrated by Jorge Cham, creator of PhD Comics (www.phdcomics.com).

Fiqh and Fuqaha

If we study the subjects of FIQH in detail, we find that every one of them is peculiar and singular in itself. Some of the laws relate to the natural urge in human beings to adore and worship. It guides us to worship none but Allah, in the prescribed form, seeking His pleasure. Then there are laws which prompt us to serve, be helpful and useful to human society, at the same time affirming our obedience to Allah. These are Zakat, Khums, our social and political duties, Jihad, Amr bil Ma'roof and Nahy anil Munkar, training in martial arts etc. Other laws enunciate man's duties towards oneself like refraining from suicide or harming oneself or even avoiding celibacy. Certain laws deal with human life in relation to nature surrounding him like food, drinks, hunting, slaughtering, dresses, use of utensils and so on. Then there are laws of judiciary, requital and compensation. As for personal life, Fiqh guides us in matters of NIKAH, TALAQ, DHIHAR, and LIAN. In matters of economy and earning one's bread, there are rules governing business, partnership, silent partnerships, bankruptcy etc. Fiqh also deals with such versatile acts like Haj which apart from being an act of worship, is an opportunity of unity, collaboration and an international conference. In spite of this diversity, FIQH has one single aim. To lead human beings to happiness on earth, conjoining it with salvation in the hereafter. Therefore, FIQH is considered as one, composite science of ISLAM and is taught as such in the Hawzas. The basis of FIQH is the Holy Quran, the sound Traditions, Consensus and Reason. A FAQEEH looks at the diverse component of FIQH as parts interwoven into one fabric, with a single aim to guide mankind in respect of its duties and responsibilities towards Allah. This book is one of the many Islamic publications distributed by Ahlulbayt Organization throughout the world in different languages with the aim of conveying the message of Islam to the people of the world. Ahlulbayt Organization (www.shia.es) is a registered Organization that operates and is sustained through collaborative efforts of volunteers in many countries around the world, and it welcomes your involvement and support. Its objectives are numerous, yet its main goal is to spread the truth about the Islamic faith in general and the Shia School of Thought in particular due to the latter being misrepresented, misunderstood and its tenets often assaulted by many ignorant folks, Muslims and non-Muslims. Organization's purpose is to facilitate the dissemination of knowledge through a global medium, the Internet, to locations where such resources are not commonly or easily accessible or are resented, resisted and fought! In addition, For a complete list of our published books please refer to our website (www.shia.es) or send us an email to [email protected]

These are Zakat, Khums, our social and political duties, Jihad, Amr bil Ma'roof and Nahy anil Munkar, training in martial arts etc.

Outlining Fiqh

This book teaches various topics in the religion of Islaam by way of English poetry. Topics such as cleanliness, belief, worship, prayer, and much more.

This book teaches various topics in the religion of Islaam by way of English poetry. Topics such as cleanliness, belief, worship, prayer, and much more.

Morals Book Or Pand-Nama of Saadi Shirazi

MORALS BOOK or PAND-NAMA of SAADI SHIRAZI Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Saadi of Shiraz (1210-1291), a contemporary of Rumi who influenced him, was another Perfect Master Poet who expressed himself in the ruba'i form as well as hundreds of ghazals in his beautiful Divan that often also contained images from dervish dancing. Saadi was a great traveller who spent forty years on the road throughout the Middle-East, North Africa and India and many of the incidents he experienced he wrote down in his two most famous works when he finally returned to his beloved birth-place... The Rose Garden (Gulistan) and The Orchard (Bustan). Saadi's mystical love poetry, his ghazals, although almost unknown in the West, are loved by his fellow-countrymen almost as much as those of Hafiz whom he greatly influenced. Saadi composed in rhyming couplets or masnavi form a famous Pand-Nama or 'Book of Morals' in the style of 'Attar who was the first to do so. "Concise and elegant the work is most popular throughout the length and breadth of the Persian-speaking East. This may indeed well be the case, inasmuch as, in addition to beauty of diction, it is written in a metre which flows in easy cadence, and fixes the words of the poem on the mind. Hence the lines are committed to memory to an extent not surpassed by any work in the Persian language." Arthur N. Wollaston. Here is the first translation in over a hundred years in the correct rhyme-form for the first time. Introduction: Life & Times & Poetry of Saadi; Selected Bibliography; Appendix: Pand-Nama of 'Attar with selections. Large Format Paperback "7 x 10" 214 pages. COMMENTS ON PAUL SMITH'S TRANSLATION OF HAFIZ'S 'DIVAN'. "It is not a joke... the English version of all the ghazals of Hafiz is a great feat and of paramount importance. I am astonished." Dr. Mir Mohammad Taghavi (Dr. of Literature) Tehran. "Superb translations. 99% Hafiz 1% Paul Smith." Ali Akbar Shapurzman, translator of many works in English into Persian and knower of Hafiz's Divan off by heart. "Smith has probably put together the greatest collection of literary facts and history concerning Hafiz." Daniel Ladinsky (Penguin Books author). Paul Smith (b. 1945) is a poet, author and translator of many books of Sufi poets of the Persian, Arabic, Urdu, Turkish, Pashtu and other languages... including Hafiz, Saadi, Nizami, Rumi, 'Attar, Sana'i, Jahan Khatun, Obeyd Zakani, Mu'in, Amir Khusrau, Nesimi, Kabir, Anvari, Ansari, Jami, Omar Khayyam, Rudaki, Yunus Emre, Baba Farid, Shah Latif, Mu'in, Lalla Ded, 'Iraqi, Ghalib, Nazir, Bulleh Shah, Ibn 'Arabi, Ibn Farid, Rab'ia, Majnun, Mansur Hallaj, many others, as well as his own poetry, fiction, plays, biographies, children's books and a dozen screenplays. www.newhumanitybooks.com

" Arthur N. Wollaston. Here is the first translation in over a hundred years in the correct rhyme-form for the first time. Introduction: Life & Times & Poetry of Saadi; Selected Bibliography; Appendix: Pand-Nama of 'Attar with selections.

Obama on Sharia Law

The Sharia Law are the rules and the belief structure that governs the complete body of Islam. The term refers to the way of operation or more specifically the framework that governs the public and private life of the citizens. This is particular to the individuals who practice Islam or who live in an area that is based on Islamic beliefs. The Sharia Law refers to all aspects of everyday life which includes economics, banking, politics, business, sexuality and other societal issues. There is no single, uniform, outline of the law however it refers to a combination of laws that are guided by the Hadith, the Quran and the precedents. This book will cover some of the different areas of the Sharia Law and the view point of Obama's administration towards the Law.

This book will cover some of the different areas of the Sharia Law and the view point of Obama's administration towards the Law.

The Basics of Lifestyle Journalism Made Easy

An Introduction Into Nonlinear Lifestyle Journalism Creation Planner

The Basics of Lifestyle Journalism Made Easy is an introduction into nonlinear lifestyle journalism. Covers the basic concepts for learning about lifestyle journalism and how to get started in that level of entrepreneurship. Focuses on daily intentional lifestyle journaling and the benefits of producing your own publications from your journaling experiences. This guide includes a creation planner section for designing your lifestyle journalism agenda.

Focuses on daily intentional lifestyle journaling and the benefits of producing your own publications from your journaling experiences.This guide includes a creation planner section for designing your lifestyle journalism agenda.

Islam, Sosialisme Dan Kapitalisme

Suatu transformasi dari modernisasi kapitalis yang sekuler ke arah reformasi humanis, yang dilandasi religiusitas berpeluang direalisasikan. Di sini jawaban Islam yang merujuk pada sistem Negara Madinah dengan Piagam Madinah harus disosialisasikan dan dipraksiskan sebagai sumbangan nilai-nilai, norma dan inspirasi bagi bangsa dan negara dalam mengatasi krisis-krisis dewasa ini.

Suatu transformasi dari modernisasi kapitalis yang sekuler ke arah reformasi humanis, yang dilandasi religiusitas berpeluang direalisasikan.

Data Analysis for Social Science and Marketing Research Using Python

A Non Programmer's Guide

The book is written for researchers in social science and marketing field, especially for those with little or no knowledge in computer programming. Data analytics has become part and parcel in the contemporary technologically fast paced world. We have amazing tools and software that allow us to analyse data available in various formats. However, most of the popular paid software and packages for data analysis is not affordable or not even accessible for the students, researchers. This is true in the case of many NGOs and agencies how are involved in community based research in developing countries. We have popular open source platforms and tools such as R and Python for data analysis. This book makes use of Python because of its simplicity, adaptability, broader scope and greater potential in advanced data mining and text mining contexts. We found it as a need to educate and train the researchers from social science and marketing research background, so that they could make use of Python, a promising tool to meet simple to extremely complex data analyses needs free of cost. The learnings from this book will not only help them in doing their conventional data analyses but also enable them to pursue advanced knowledge in machine learning algorithms, text analytics and other new generation techniques with the support of freely accessible open source platforms. Since the objective of the book is to educate the researchers with no programming background, we have made every effort to give hands-on experience in learning some basic coding in Python, which is sufficient for the readers to follow the book. The step-by-step procedure to do various data processing and analysis described in this book will make it easy for the users. Apart from that, we have tried our level best to give explanations on specific codes and how they perform to get us the desired output. We also request you to give you valuable comments and suggestions on the book, via our blog, so that we could improve the same in the upcoming volumes. We commit ourselves to providing explanations to the readers' questions related to the codes and analysis provided in this book. The book specifically deals with data sets of row and column format, as the general format commonly used in social science research, which most of the researchers are familiar with. So we do not work with arrays and dictionaries, except in one or two occasions (only to make you familiar with that) instead prefer to make use of Excel data and pandas data frame. The book consists of thirteen chapters. The first chapter gives an introduction to Python and its relevance and scope in contemporary data analysis contexts. Ch. 2 teaches the basics and Python coding, Ch. 3-7, provide a step-by-step narration of how to enter data, process it, preliminary analysis and data cleaning with the help of Python, Ch.8-9, present data visualizations and narration techniques using Python; Ch.10.demonstrate how Python can use for statistical analysis. The remaining chapters are focusing on giving more real life situations in data analysis and the practical solutions to handle them. The exercises provided in the book are similar to real analysis situations, and that will help the reader for an easy transition to the data analyst jobs. The authors have taken utmost care identifying and providing solutions to all practical difficulties the readers may face while using Python for data analysis purpose. The authors have developed a series of codes and have incorporated them to make data processing and analysis convenient and easy for the researchers. The self-learning materials given in this book will help social science and marketing researchers to deepen their understanding of various steps in data processing and analyses and to gain advanced skills in using Python for this purpose.

This is true in the case of many NGOs and agencies how are involved in community based research in developing countries. We have popular open source platforms and tools such as R and Python for data analysis.