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Kolonialisme Belanda dan Multikulturalisme Masyarakat Kota Medan

Penegakan Pemerintahan Kolonial Belanda di Sumatera Timur diikuti dengan penerapan berbagai kebijakan di wilayah itu. Salah satu kebijakan yang diterapkan adalah penerapan Undang-Undang Agraria pada 1870. Penerapan undang-undang tersebut, membuka peluang kepada pemodal swasta Belanda khususnya dan Eropa umumnya untuk menanamkan modalnya di Hindia Belanda. Salah satu bentuk penanaman modal adalah pembukaan perkebunan tembakau di Deli, Sumatera Timur. Pembukaan perkebunan tersebut menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan tenaga kerja untuk dipekerjakan di perkebunan. Pada awal pembukaan perkebunan, penduduk pribumi Sumatera Timur (Melayu dan Batak) kurang berminat bekerja sebagai buruh di perkebunan. Oleh karena itu, para pemilik perkebunan mendatangkan buruh dari luar wilayah itu yaitu orang Cina, Keling, Jawa, Banjar dan Bawean. Kehadiran para buruh dari luar wilayah Sumatera Timur berdampak terhadap terciptanya masyarakat yang multikultur di Kota Medan. Sejak masa pemerintahan kolonial Belanda, kondisi masyarakat Kota Medan sangat multikultural baik dari aspek suku, ras, agama, budaya maupun status sosial. Dengan kata lain, pembukaan perkebunan di Sumatera Timur telah menciptakan masyarakat perkebunan yang multikultural. Kehadiran kaum buruh perkebunan dari luar Deli menyebabkan penduduk wilayah tersebut sangat heterogen.

Penegakan Pemerintahan Kolonial Belanda di Sumatera Timur diikuti dengan penerapan berbagai kebijakan di wilayah itu.

Teori Komunikasi Massa dan Perubahan Masyarakat

Perkembangan zaman yang semakin pesat menjadikan perubahan di masyarakat, bukan hanya sandang pangannya, tapi juga komunikasi dengan sesama. Baik itu individu dengan individu, individu dengan komunitas, atau komunitas dengan komunitas. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi mengharuskan teori komunikasi mengikuti media dan teknologi yang ada, tujuannya agar bisa mewadahi dan sejalan dengan perubahan yang ada. Komunikasi massa adalah proses penyusunan sebuah pesan oleh seorang atau sekelompok orang atau organisasi yang besar lalu mengirimkannya melalui berbagai media kepada khalayak luas. Kehadiran media komunikasi modern sebagai dampak makin berkembangnya teknologi informasi dan komunikasi cenderung mengubah masyarakat dan mengaburkan batasan antara komunikasi antar pribadi atau komunikasi interpersonal tradisional dan komunikasi massa. Buku berjudul Teori Komunikasi Massa dan Perubahan Masyarakat ini terbagi menjadi 4 Bagian: Pengaruh Media Massa dalam Lingkup Masyarakat, Media Massa Dalam Teknologi dan Peradaban, Tingkah Laku Masyarakat dalam Bersosialisasi. Buku ini adalah kumpulan tulisan dari Mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Ilmu Komunikasi.

Buku berjudul Teori Komunikasi Massa dan Perubahan Masyarakat ini terbagi menjadi 4 Bagian: Pengaruh Media Massa dalam Lingkup Masyarakat, Media Massa Dalam Teknologi dan Peradaban, Tingkah Laku Masyarakat dalam Bersosialisasi.

HAM dalam dimensi/dinamika yuridis, sosial, dan politik & proses penyusunan/aplikasi HA-KHAM (hukum hak asasi manusia) dalam masyarakat

Konsep Hukum Humaniter Internasional dalam Hukum Islam . Young , Oran R. 1984. ( alih bahasa Sahat Simamora ) . Sistem Ilmu Politik . Bina Aksara . ... Kovenan Internasional tt Hak - Hak Ekonomi , Sosial dan Budaya , 1966 .

Gifted

Sometimes brains aren't everything. George R. Clark is gifted. Mentally, he's light-years ahead of his classmates. His parents worship him, and his teachers adore him. But socially, George is at the bottom of the curve. Most of his classmates avoid him-if he's lucky. Until the Bruise Brothers, the intellectually challenged members of the school football team, decide they want George to pass a test of their own design. Only the fact that George's father is the school principal has saved him in the past. But his father isn't going on the eighth grade science field trip, and George has a feeling it's going to be open season on dorks. Suddenly thrown into a crash course on human nature, without his father to protect him, the most intellectually gifted kid in the eighth-grade might actually learn something before the end of the trip . . . if he survives it.

Sometimes brains aren't everything. George R. Clark is gifted. Mentally, he's light-years ahead of his classmates. His parents worship him, and his teachers adore him. But socially, George is at the bottom of the curve.

Protest, Social Movements, and Global Democracy since 2011

New Perspectives

This volume engages with new theoretical and methodological perspectives and illuminates novel aspects of transnational social movement dynamics, such as the evolving role of information technology, deterritorialisation and government counter-responses.

This volume engages with new theoretical and methodological perspectives and illuminates novel aspects of transnational social movement dynamics, such as the evolving role of information technology, deterritorialisation and government ...

Islamic Law in Canada

Marriage and Divorce

"Islamic Law in Canada: Marriage and Divorce provides an analysis of how Canadian society and the Canadian judicial system have responded to the use of the Shari'a to resolve issues relating to Islamic marriage and divorce in Canada. This dissertation explores two instances where Canadian society has been forced to address the role of the Shari'a in Canada and its interaction with Canadian laws and values. The first involves the debate that took place in Ontario over the last decade concerning the use of Islamic arbitration in family matters. This public debate ultimately led to the rejection of faith-based arbitration in that province, a decision apparently consistent with traditional Canadian attitudes towards multiculturalism. The second area of interaction between Canadian and Islamic law is within the Canadian court system itself. In particular, Canadian judges are occasionally required to grapple with Islamic family law issues when rendering judgments on certain cases that appear before them. This dissertation will examine a number of such cases in order to illustrate how the Shari'a has been addressed by Canadian judges. The overall aim of this work is to situate Islamic law within Canada's liberal framework. It is argued that although Canadians are amenable to certain levels of diversity, values that fall outside mainstream liberalism are not granted recognition. This dissertation will also demonstrate that the failure to legitimize Islamic arbitration represents a lost opportunity that would have broadened the scope of Canadian justice to include minority voices. The decision to reject faith-based arbitration will motivate some Muslims to seek justice from ad-hoc bodies of authority. Devoid of government oversight, these forms of underground Islamic justice may negatively affect certain members of Canada's Muslim community." --

This dissertation will examine a number of such cases in order to illustrate how the Shari'a has been addressed by Canadian judges. The overall aim of this work is to situate Islamic law within Canada's liberal framework.