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Logic Programs, Norms and Action

Essays in Honor of Marek J. Sergot on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday

This book is dedicated to Marek Sergot, Professor in Computational Logic at Imperial College London, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Professor Sergot’s scientific contributions range over many different fields. He has developed a series of novel ideas and formal methods bridging areas including artificial intelligence, computational logic, philosophical logic, legal theory, artificial intelligence and law, multi-agent systems and bioinformatics. By combining his background in logic and computing with his interest in the law, deontic logic, action, and related areas, and applying to all his capacity to understand the subtleties of social interaction and normative reasoning, Professor Sergot has opened up new directions of research, and has been a reference, an inspiration, and a model for many researchers in the fields to which he has contributed. The Festschrift includes several reminiscences and introductory essays describing Professor Sergot's achievements, followed by a series of articles on logic programming, temporal reasoning and action languages, artificial intelligence and law, deontic logic and norm-governed systems, and logical approaches to policies.

This book is dedicated to Marek Sergot, Professor in Computational Logic at Imperial College London, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Professor Sergot’s scientific contributions range over many different fields.

Norms, Logics and Information Systems

New Studies in Deontic Logic and Computer Science

This book presents research in an interdisciplinary field, resulting from the vigorous and fruitful cross-pollination between traditional deontic logic and computer science. AI researchers have used deontic logic as one of the tools in modelling legal reasoning. Computer scientists have discovered that computer systems (including their interaction with other computer systems and with human agents) can often be productively modelled as norm-governed. So, for example, deontic logic has been applied by computer scientists for specifying bureaucratic systems, access and security policies, and soft design or integrity constraints, and for modelling fault tolerance. In turn, computer scientists and AI researchers have also discovered (and made it clear to the rest of us) that various formal tools (e.g. nonmonotonic, temporal and dynamic logics) developed in computer science and artificial intelligence have interesting applications to traditional issues in deontic logic. This volume presents some of the best work done in this area, with the selection at once reflecting the general interdisciplinary (and international) character that this area of research has taken on, as well as reflecting the more specific recent inter-disciplinary developments between traditional deontic logic and computer science.

This book presents research in an interdisciplinary field, resulting from the vigorous and fruitful cross-pollination between traditional deontic logic and computer science.

Extending Deontic Logic for the Formalisation of Legal Rules

This book is an adaptation of my PhD thesis Representing L3gVI Rules in Deontic Logic [Royakkers, 1996]. The main alterations are: • The addition of chapter 2 concerning the semantics of deontic logic based on valua tions. In this chapter I extend the Beth tableau method, which is originally developed for the propositional calculus, to also be applicable for deontic logic. For those who are not familiar with deontic logic or with the axiomatic deduction, this method is a useful tool to check whether a formula is valid or not. • The addition of the notion of commitment in chapter 5, and the notion of weak and strong permission in chapter 7. • The omission of the chapter concerning defeasible deontic logic, of which a revised version is published in [Nute, 1997]. • Chapter 6 has been revised rather thoroughly. Here I introduce the logic of enact ment based on epistemic logic and local reasoning to express normative inconsis tencies in a consistent way. I wish to thank John-Jules Meyer, Giovanni Sartor and Marek Sergot for their suggestions and criticisms of my PhD thesis, which have improved this book. Heleen Neggers and Jan Draisma deserve credit for the layout. Special thanks go to Frank Dignum for his continuous support and inspiring sugges tions. v Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Logic and law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1 . . . 1.2 Conflicting speed limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 3 . .

This book describes extensions of deontic logic.

Extending Deontic Logic for the Formalisation of Legal Rules

This book describes extensions of deontic logic. Deontic logic is a branch of philosophical logic involving reasoning with norms, obligations, prohibitions and permissions. The extensions concern the logical structure of legal rules and legal reasoning. Their function is to improve the representation of legal knowledge and enhance deontic logic through increased expressibility. The resulting formulas acquire new meanings, not expressible in standard deontic logic, which are subject to fresh interpretations. The author offers an extensive analysis of the representation of actors, to whom the norms are directed, and authorities who enact the norms. Moreover, a distinction is made between enactment and applicability. A modality of enactment can be used to express inconsistent enacted norms in a consistent way. An authority-hierarchy is introduced to filter out the applicable norms from the set of enacted norms. Some related philosophical questions will be discussed regarding the applications of formalisms that are intrinsic to practical science with respect to `consistency' and `universality'. The formalisms and applications considered here are relevant for law, philosophy and computer science, with a special focus on the improvement of legal expert systems and intelligent support for legal professionals.

This book describes extensions of deontic logic.

Self-Complementary Antennas

Principle of Self-Complementarity for Constant Impedance

An antenna with a self-complementary structure has a constant input impedance, independent of the source frequency and of the shape of the structure. The principle for this property of constant impedance was discovered by Professor Mushiake himself. This is the first study which comprehensively describes the principles of self-complementarity in antennas. It explains the theory which was the basis of the development of this principle and presents various engineering applications with an emphasis on extremely broadband self-complementary antennas. Self-Complementary Antennas will be of particular interest to antenna engineers working with extremely large bandwidths and more generally to electrical engineers with an interest in the development of the field since 1948.

The principle for this property of constant impedance was discovered by Professor Mushiake himself. This is the first study which comprehensively describes the principles of self-complementarity in antennas.

FILSAFAT EKONOMI ISLAM Menjawab Tantangan Peradaban

Buku Filsafat ini adalah dengan berfilsafat atau berpikir secara ilmu pengetahuan merupakan salah satu hasil dari manusi berfilsafat, penilaian filsafat dapat dilakukan melalui teori kebenaran. Filsafat membimbing manusia untuk berpikir secara luas dan mendalam, yakni dengan berpikir secara universal dengan didukung upaya untuk mencapai radix dan menemukan esensi atau suatu permasalahan. Dari adanya hasil pemikiran tersebut kebenarannya secara ilmiah, obyektif, dan sistematis. dalam proses filsafat yang telah di pelajari. Sehingga bila digabungkan antara kata sejarah pemikiran filsafat yang mana memiliki arti seorang.

... philosophy is influenced by the thoughts of Ibn Khaldun with his theory of economic equality . Ibn Khaldun's philosophy on economics emphasizes the importance of mutual benefit in economic practice . Keywords : Aristotle , economics , ...

Ekonomi Kreatif

Sektor ekonomi kreatif menjadi tumpuan dalam perekonomian usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia, karena di nilai mampu untuk bertahan dibandingkan dengan usaha besar lainnya yang cenderung mengalami keterpurukan dan mengutamakan peranan kekayaan intelektual. Ekonomi kreatif merupakan suatu kegiatan menciptakan nilai tambah ekonomis yang berdaya kreasi dengan berbasis pada ide, keterampilan dan bakat individu. Produk ekonomi kreatif berkembang tidak hanya terbatas pada barang dan jasa yang dijumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, namun juga pada produk-produk seni budaya dan usaha kerajinan (seperti seni pertunjukkan, seni lukis, seni patung, seni tari, seni suara, seni desain, dan kreasi lainnya). Produk tersebut sangat dinamis serta bernilai ekonomi dan komersial. Keterkaitan dalam membahas konsep dan implementasi terkait ekonomi kreatif secara komprehensif, maka buku ini disusun menjadi 12 Bab yaitu: Konsep dasar ekonomi kreatif Sejarah perkembangan ekonomi kreatif Konsep dan konteks kreativitas dan keinovasian Pemikiran-pemikiran kelas kreatif Konsep dan inisiasi pengembangan kota kreatif Sistem klasifikasi industri kreatif di lihat dari berbagai macam model Konsep keterkaitan antara industri kreatif dan ekonomi kreatif Teori dan konsep aktor penggerak ekonomi kreatif Potensi dan pangsa pasar industri kreatif Modal dasar dan pilar ekonomi kreatif Pola pikir kreatif di masa depan (sumber daya kreatif) Ekonomi kreatif di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0

Sektor ekonomi kreatif menjadi tumpuan dalam perekonomian usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia, karena di nilai mampu untuk bertahan dibandingkan dengan usaha besar lainnya yang cenderung mengalami keterpurukan dan ...

STATISTIK EKONOMI 1

Statistika merupakan kumpulan angka-angka yang melukiskan atau menggambarkan suatu keadaan, peristiwa, atau gejala tertentu. Permasalahan bisnis yang berkembang demikin pesat harus diimbangi dengan penggunaan data statistik yang tepat untuk pengambilan keputusan. Dengan demikian, diperlukan orang yang mampu mengumpulkan, mengolah, menyajikan, dan menganalisis data. Buku ini dilengkapi dengan contoh-contoh sederhana dan mudah dikerjakan agar bermanfaat bagi pembuat keputusan, khususnya bagi mahasiwa yang sedang belajar statistik. Tulisan ini terdiri dari 13 bab, yang diawali dengan arti dan kegunaan statistika, data statistika dan penyajiannya yang di dalamnya terdiri dari pengertian serta konsep dasar tentang statistik ekonomi. Dilanjutkan dengan penyusunan data, gambar, dan grafik data. Kemudian mulai menghitung ukuran-ukuran statistik seperti ukuran pemusatan dan penyebaran data, ukuran lokasi, ukuran variasi, dan ukuran lainnya, serta angka indeks.

Statistika merupakan kumpulan angka-angka yang melukiskan atau menggambarkan suatu keadaan, peristiwa, atau gejala tertentu.

Penerapan prinsip good corporate governance sebagai upaya peningkatan investasi tidak langsung (indirect investment)

laporan penelitian

Implementasi prinsip transparansi dalam praktik penanaman modal di Indonesia

Implementation of transparency principles on capital investment in Indonesia.

Implementation of transparency principles on capital investment in Indonesia.