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Social Movements

Ideologies, Interests, and Identities

More than any other topic in social science, the study of social movements provides an opportunity to combine social theory with political action. Such study is a key to understanding the motivations, successes, and failures of thousands who aspire to high ideals of justice, but who sometimes aid in perpetuating inhumane political acts and systems. Building upon the past twenty years' developments in theory and research, Social Movements combines original theoretical and methodological approaches with penetrating analyses of contemporary movements from the sixties to the present. Anthony Oberschall argues that social movements are central to contemporary politics in both Western and Third World nations. They are not quaint stepchildren to public policy and social change that disappear as nations modernize. Collective action by the citizenry, spilling beyond the boundaries of routine politics is an integral part of the process of creative destruction that Joseph Schumpeter ascribed to modern capitalism and all dynamic, modern societies. Among the subjects that OberschaU examines in Social Movements are the Civil Rights movement, decline of the New Left, the feminist movement, the New Christian Right, the tobacco control movement, collective violence in U.S. industrial relations, and some comparative historical movements, including the Cultural Revolution in China, the abortive 1968 revolution in Czechoslovakia, political strife in postcolonial Africa, and the sixteenth-century European witch craze. In looking beyond the immediate political circumstances of these social movements, Oberschall points the way to achieving the next major task of social movement theory: a more satisfactory understanding of the dynamics and course of social movements and counter movements and a method of accounting for the outcomes of public controversies. Free of jargon and technical terminology, Social Movements is written for sociologists, political scientists, historians, professionals dealing with conflict and resolution, students and the lay public interested in public affairs.

Anthony Oberschall argues that social movements are central to contemporary politics in both Western and Third World nations. They are not quaint stepchildren to public policy and social change that disappear as nations modernize.

Theories of Political Protest and Social Movements

A Multidisciplinary Introduction, Critique, and Synthesis

Political protest and social movements are ubiquitous phenomena. This book focuses on the current theoretical approaches that aim at explaining them: the theory of collective action, the resource mobilization perspective, political opportunity structure theory, the identity approach, the framing perspective, and the dynamics of contention approach. The book has three objectives: (1) Many basic concepts like political opportunities or identity are not clearly defined. It is further often a matter of interpretation what factors are supposed to affect which phenomena. The first aim is therefore to provide a detailed introduction to and a clear restatement of the theories. Only then is it possible to assess and improve them. (2) For each theory the major strengths and weaknesses are discussed, and various modifications and extensions are suggested. (3) Building on these analyses, it is shown how the theories can be integrated into a single theoretical paradigm: the structural-cognitive model.

This book focuses on the current theoretical approaches that aim at explaining them: the theory of collective action, the resource mobilization perspective, political opportunity structure theory, the identity approach, the framing ...

Evaluating Social Movement Impacts

Comparative Lessons from the Labor Movement in Turkey

Some social movements bring in quick, radical political and social changes while others get incorporated into existing systems or subjected to harsh repression. This book examines why social movements elicit different policy responses and their varying impact on the societies in which they occur. It also seeks to understand why seemingly inconsequential movements can nonetheless have enduring effects. These issues are explored through the comparative historical analysis of four labor movements, in the UK and the U.S. in the late 1800s -early 1900s, in Japan from 1945 to 1960, and in Turkey during the mid to late 1900s, which is the book's primary case study. Turkey's labor movement, although often seen as a failure, greatly influenced state-society relations and contemporary Turkish politics. This significant study offers a new framework of analysis by focusing on social movement impacts rather than successes or failures. This leads to having to reconsider the enduring effects of repressed or failed movements. By doing so, it will help researchers study the likely impact of social movements in today's politics.

I often begin discussing the labor movement in Turkey by recalling my
experiences at a May Day rally in Ankara that I attended in 2004.1 The rally itself
was a mix of carnival and politics. Groups of young people danced beneath
banners, while ...

Methodological Practices in Social Movement Research

Social movement studies have grown enormously in the last few decades, spreading from sociology and political science to other fields of knowledge, as varied as geography, history, anthropology, psychology, economics, law and others. With the growing interest in the field, there has been also an increasing need for methodological guidance for empirical research. This volume aims at addressing this need by introducing main methods of data collection and dataanalysis as they have been used in past research on social movements. The book emphasises a practical approach, presenting in each chapter specific discussions on the main steps of research using a certain method; from research design to data collection and the use of information. Indoing so, dilemmas and choices are presented, and illustrated within chapters following the same systemic approach.

Nicole Doerr and Noa Milman When applied to social movement research, we
can define visual analysis as the developing concepts and methods used to
analyze physical, representational, and public visibility elements that exist in
social ...

Social Movement Malaysia

This book considers the proliferation in Malaysia over the past two decades of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) associated with various social movements, both to provide basic information about the NGOs and social movements, and to discuss their role in the development of civil society generally in particular their contribution to the reform movement, which has been gathering strength since 1998. The book discusses the nature and development of the movements, and shows that those movements concerned with human rights and women's issues have made significant contributions to the reform movement and been irrevocably changed by their involvement in it.

This book considers the proliferation in Malaysia over the past two decades of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) associated with various social movements, both to provide basic information about the NGOs and social movements, and to ...

The Civil Rights Movement and the Logic of Social Change

This book examines the success and failure of social movements to bring about change in American society, focusing on the targets of protests to explain diverse outcomes.

This book examines the success and failure of social movements to bring about change in American society, focusing on the targets of protests to explain diverse outcomes.

Social Movements and Democracy in Africa

The Impact of Women's Struggle for Equal Rights in Botswana

This book examines social movements in Africa, analyzing how they emerge and how they may impact public policy, the legal and political situation, and the society by focusing on the following question: How do women's political and legal rights get extended and institutionalized in a patriarchal democratic society?

The state is central to the study of social movements. Theories of the state
provide the starting point for an understanding of the politics of social movement
analyses (Jenkins, 1995). Studies emphasizing the significance of the state are ...

The Diffusion of Social Movements

Actors, Mechanisms, and Political Effects

It is widely recognized that social movements may spread - or 'diffuse' - from one site to another. Such diffusion, however, is a complex and multidimensional process that involves different actors, networks, and mechanisms. This complexity has spawned a large body of literature on different aspects of the diffusion process, yet a comprehensive framework remains an elusive target. This book is a response to that need, and its framework focuses on three basic analytical questions. First, what is being diffused? Second, how does diffusion occur? Finally, what is the impact of diffusion on organizational development and shifts in the scale of contentious politics? This volume suggests that diffusion is not a simple matter of political contagion or imitation; rather, it is a creative and strategic process marked by political learning, adaptation, and innovation.

This book is a response to that need, and its framework focuses on three basic analytical questions. First, what is being diffused? Second, how does diffusion occur?

Social Movements in Politics

A Comparative Study

In this book, Zirakzadeh examines different types of social movements, from the Greens in Germany to the Shining Path in Peru. The book concludes with a juxtaposition of the three major theoretical approaches and historical findings and proposes a fourth theoretical approach emphasizing factional conflict and reconciliation.

Other scholars who define social movements in terms of a group's deliberate
attempt to remake society include Goldberg (1991), Killian (1964), and Morris (
1984). Piven (1976: 300–1), however, contends that the concept of social
movement ...

Latin American Social Movements

Globalization, Democratization, and Transnational Networks

The two current trends of democratization and deepening economic liberalization have made Latin American countries a ground for massive defensive mobilization campaigns and have created new sites of popular struggle. In this edited volume on Latin American social movements, original chapters are combined with peer-reviewed articles from the well-regarded journal Mobilization. Each section represents a major theme in Latin American social movement research. Original chapters discuss the Madres de Plaza de Mayo movement in Argentina and the Zapatista movement in Chiapas, Mexico. Also included in the book's coverage of the region's major movements are los piqueteros and antisweatshop labor organizing. This is the first study to focus closely on the related issues of neoliberal globalization, democratization, and the workings of transnational advocacy networks in Latin America.

This is the first study to focus closely on the related issues of neoliberal globalization, democratization, and the workings of transnational advocacy networks in Latin America.