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Analysis of the drivers of change in women’s anemia in Tanzania 2005-2015

Although the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age in Tanzania remains high, there have been documented improvements. It declined from 47.2% in 2004-05 to 40.1% 2010, but by 2016 it has risen again to 44.8%, according to the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys from those years. Women’s anemia can lead to many detrimental consequences, including decreased work productivity, mortality, postpartum hemorrhage, and adverse birth outcomes. Thus, it is important to document the factors that may have contributed to improvements in anemia status. Using a regression decomposition approach, which previously has been applied to identifying potential drivers of changes in stunting, we examine which improvements in the underlying determinants of anemia contributed to improvements in the overall prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. This study is the first known application of this methodology to understanding changes in the prevelance of anemia. Among all adult women, the largest contributers of change from factors we could include in our models were increases in wealth and education, use of hormonal contraceptives, and the decrease in the proportion of women who are currently pregnant or postpartum (i.e., from the decrease in fertility rates). Notably, use of hormonal contraceptives was least common among the poorest quintile. Additionally, change was attributable to reductions in infection, specifically fever and improvements in open defecation. Among older adolescent girls (15-19 years), the largest share in the improvements in anemia were attributable to education and wealth increases. Among postpartum women, we were limited by the sample size, but found that attending all four antenatal care visits and being administered medications to prevent malaria during pregnancy were important determinants of improved hemoglobin levels.

Although the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age in Tanzania remains high, there have been documented improvements.

Aplastic Anemia: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition

ScholarlyBrief

Aplastic Anemia: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Genetics in a concise format. The editors have built Aplastic Anemia: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Genetics in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Aplastic Anemia: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

The editors have built Aplastic Anemia: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Genetics in this book to be deeper than what you ...

Fiqh 122

Student Handbook, Five Pillars (Shafi'i Option)

This course uses the text The Accessible Conspectus written by Shaykh Musa Furber. It is a commentaryof the book famously known as "Matn Abu Shuja" which is a comprehensive, standard work in the Shāfi'īSchool studied by Shāfi'īs all across the world. This text was selected for its excellent commentary, written in away that makes it easy to understand, without the need for other commentaries the way the text is usuallystudied in madrassas, specifically with people in mind who may not have access to a teacher. It is a book thatstudents who have completed FIQH 121 can work through on their own and reads very much likecommentaries which we have written ourselves.

This text was selected for its excellent commentary, written in away that makes it easy to understand, without the need for other commentaries the way the text is usuallystudied in madrassas, specifically with people in mind who may not ...

Sarekat Islam pelopor nasionalisme Indonesia, 1905-1942

History and development of Sarekat Islam, a political party and a pioneer of nasionalism in the history of Indonesia between 1905 and 1942.

Kalau Dwidjosewojo mengutarakan pendapatnya dengan bahasa dan isi yang cukup moderat , maka Moeis mungkin didorong oleh perasaan tidak akan diawasi seketat di Hindia , berbicara dengan lantang di Belanda ...

ISLAM LIBERAL ; Varian-Varian Liberalisme Islam di Indonesia 1991-2002

Buku ini merupakan karya ilmiah yang coba mengkaji dan memotret gerakan pemikiran Islam dari para intelektual muslim Indonesia generasi baru.Zuly Qodir memotret gerakan pemikiran di kalangan muslim Indonesia dari rentang waktu tahun 1991 hingga 2002. Pada periode ini generasi muda muslim progresif Indonesia bergerak dinamis dengan gagasan-gagasan barunya yang cemerlang, namun tidak jarang juga kontroversial. Penulis juga memetakan kaum muda muslim progresif generasi baru ini ke dalam beberapa tipologi: liberal-progresif, liberal-eksklusif, liberal-moderat, liberal-radikal, hingga liberal-transformatif.

Buku ini merupakan karya ilmiah yang coba mengkaji dan memotret gerakan pemikiran Islam dari para intelektual muslim Indonesia generasi baru.Zuly Qodir memotret gerakan pemikiran di kalangan muslim Indonesia dari rentang waktu tahun 1991 ...

Islam and the West Post 9/11

This book offers a chance for greater understanding of the political and religious groups in Islam that have contributed to events pre and post September 11th, and clearer insights into Muslim/Christian relations today. Many books have focused on the events of September 11th but have been primarily journalistic. This book draws together both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars who have been studying Christian/Muslim relations for many years. They assess the impact of 9/11 on Islamophobia and antipathy towards Muslims. Providing insights into various multi-cultural communities whose relations with Islam have been affected, the authors look particularly at regions where there are large minority Muslim communities (US and UK) and large minority non-Muslim communities (Indonesia and Nigeria). Assessing a number of issues impacting upon the teaching of Islam, this book allows readers to assess the consequences of the event and develop a more critical understanding of its implications.

They also separate Muslims from one another by creating divisions, such as
radical Islam (Islam Radikal) or fundamentalist Islam as distinguished from
moderate Islam (Islam Moderat). Ba'asyir accuses secular and liberal scholars of
rejecting ...

Bahan referensi Penataran Pedoman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila, Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara

Untuk itu antara lain penting sekali peranan penerangan , pers dan komunikasi
sosial ; yang anggaran pembangunannya dalam tahun anggaran yang akan
datang tersedia sekitar Rp . 17 milyar . Biaya tadi akan digunakan untuk
penyediaan ...

Kesadaran warga masyarakat terhadap nilai-nilai luhur Pancasila di kecamatan Klaten, Daerah Tingkat II Kabupaten Klaten 1992

studi perbandingan berdasarkan kreteria kalurahan/desa pelopor P4 :laporan penelitian