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Machine Intelligence 12: Towards an Automated Logic of Human Thought

This is the latest volume in a series which has provided coverage of the seminal advances in machine intelligence over the past two decades. It marks a turning point in the series' direction, one that will focus on the vital problem of scientific reasoning and the application of artificial intelligence to analyzing the sometimes staggering quantities of data generated in fields from biotechnology to planetary physics. The book includes contributions from internationally recognized experts who offer their insights on important practical and theoretical developments. It also includes an extensive bibliography that will serve as a valuable guide to the literature.

admissibility of arguments , which arises very commonly in legal reasoning , does not seem directly amenable to a probabilistic approach either . Our approach is to use the meta - logical capabilities of Prolog and the certainty space ...

The Logic of Legal Requirements

Essays on Defeasibility

Does the law contain implicit exceptions to its own rules? If so, what consequence does that have for understanding the relationship between law and morality? This collection gathers leading legal philosophers to analyse the logical structure of legal norms, advancing the understanding of the general philosophy of law.

the mental process of reasoning with legal, or legally relevant, data, to get to legal conclusions. From this perspective, legal reasoning is defeasible, not for its being 'legal', i.e. due to some peculiarity of the law-world, ...

Farewell to Matters of Principle

Philosophical Studies

A series of translated essays covering German philosophy, literary theory and modern intellectual history, by the person considered to be the heir to Gadamar, Habermas and Blumenberg. The topics include the nature of myth and attempts to account for it and the questions of hermaneutics.

A series of translated essays covering German philosophy, literary theory and modern intellectual history, by the person considered to be the heir to Gadamar, Habermas and Blumenberg.

Women of Principle

Female Networking in Contemporary Mormon Polygyny

It is notorious that the early Mormons practiced polygyny, or plural marriage, and that they were forced to renounce this custom as a condition for Utah's statehood. Even today, some defiant groups of "fundamentalist" Mormons continue to live in illicit polygynous marriages. This book offers an in-depth study of the female experience in one Mormon polygynous community, the Apostolic United Brethren. Characteristically, women in such rigid and patriarchal religious groups are portrayed as the oppressed, powerless victims of male domination. Janet Bennion shows, however, that the reality is far more complex. Bennion concludes that membership in this particular patriarchal community is actually advantageous to women and disadvantageous to men. She buttresses her controversial argument with narratives from the lives of women now living in the group - narratives that clearly reveal why many mainstream Mormon women are viewing polygyny as a viable alternative to the difficulties of single motherhood, "spinsterhood," poverty, and emotional deprivation. This provocative study of a fascinating yet little-studied religious community will be of great interest to students and scholars of religious, Mormon, and gender studies, as well as to anthropologists and Mormons in general.

This book offers an in-depth study of the female experience in one Mormon polygynous community, the Apostolic United Brethren.

Scientific Writing and Communication

Papers, Proposals, and Presentations

Scientific Writing and Communication: Papers, Proposals, and Presentations, Third Edition, covers all the areas of scientific communication that a scientist needs to know and master in order to successfully promote his or her research and career. This unique "all-in-one" handbook begins with a discussion of the basic principles of scientific writing style and composition and then applies these principles to writing research papers, review articles, grant proposals, research statements, and resumes, as well as to preparing academic presentations and posters. FEATURES A practical presentation carefully introduces basic writing mechanics before moving into manuscript planning and organizational strategies. Extensive hands-on guidance for composing scientific documents and presentations then follows. Relevant and multidisciplinary examples selected from real research papers and grant proposals by writers ranging from students to Nobel Laureates illustrate clear technical writing and common mistakes that one should avoid. Annotated text passages bring the writing principles and guidelines to life by applying them to real-world, relevant, and multidisciplinary examples. Extensive end-of-chapter exercise sets provide the opportunity to review style and composition principles and encourage readers to apply them to their own writing. Writing guidelines and revision checklists warn scientists against common pitfalls and equip them with the most successful techniques to revise a scientific paper, review article, or grant proposal. The book's clear, easy-to-follow writing style appeals to both native and non-native English speakers; special ESL features also point out difficulties experienced primarily by non-native speakers. Tables and lists of sample sentences and phrases aid in composing different sections of a scientific paper, review article, or grant proposal. Thorough attention to research articles advises readers on composing successful manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals from initial drafting to the response to reviewers. Comprehensive coverage of grant writing guides scientists through the entire process of applying for a grant, from the initial letter of inquiry to proposal revision and submission. "

The book's clear, easy-to-follow writing style appeals to both native and non-native English speakers; special ESL features also point out difficulties experienced primarily by non-native speakers.

Economics and the Philosophy of Science

Economists and other social scientists in this century have often supported economic arguments by referring to positions taken by philosophers of science. This important new book looks at the reliability of this practice and--in the process--provides economists, social scientists, and historians with the necessary background to discuss methodological matters with authority. Redman presents an accurate, critical, yet neutral survey of the modern philosophy of science from the Vienna Circle to the present, focusing particularly on logical positivism, sociological explanations of science (Polanyi, Fleck, Kuhn), the Popper family, and the history of science. She then deals with economic methodology in the twentieth century, looking at a wide range of methodological positions, especially those supported by positions from the philosophy of science.

This important new book examines the reliability of this practice, while providing economists, social scientists, and historians with necessary background to discuss methodological matters with authority.

The Geography of Morals

Varieties of Moral Possibility

The Geography of Morals is a work of extraordinary ambition: an indictment of the parochialism of Western philosophy, a comprehensive dialogue between anthropology, empirical moral psychology, behavioral economics, and cross-cultural philosophy, and a deep exploration of the opportunities for self, social, and political improvement provided by world philosophy. We live in multicultural, cosmopolitan worlds. These worlds are distinctive moral ecologies in which people enact and embody different lived philosophies and conceive of mind, morals, and the meaning of life differently from the typical WEIRD -- Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic -- person. This is not a predicament; it is an opportunity. Many think that cross cultural understanding is useful for developing a modus vivendi where people from different worlds are not at each other's throats and tolerate each other. Flanagan presses the much more exciting possibility that cross-cultural philosophy provides opportunities for exploring the varieties of moral possibility, learning from other traditions, and for self, social, and political improvement. There are ways of worldmaking in other living traditions -- Confucian, Daoist, Buddhist, Hindu, Jain, Muslim, Amerindian, and African -- that citizens in Western countries can benefit from. Cross-cultural learning is protection against what Alasdair MacIntyre refers to as being "imprisoned by one's upbringing." Flanagan takes up perennial topics of whether there is anything to the idea of a common human nature, psychobiological sources of human morality, the nature of the self, the role of moral excellence in a good human life, and whether and how empirical inquiry into morality can contribute to normative ethics. The Geography of Morals exemplifies how one can respectfully conceive of multiculturalism and global interaction as providing not only opportunities for business and commerce, but also opportunities for socio-moral and political improvement on all sides. This is a book that aims to change how normative ethics and moral psychology are done.

Finally, there are saints and sages, all manner of indigenous peoples, Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sufis, and Christians, who claim to have extirpated anger, completely washed the disposition to be angry from their souls.

European Constitutional Law

Written in a uniquely engaging style, and full of illuminating analyses, this book provides a modern, comprehensive, and critical guide to the study of the constitutional law of the Union. Numerous diagrams and tables clarify key concepts and processes; and a practical appendix helps students to find and read primary and secondary legal sources. --

Written in a uniquely engaging style, and full of illuminating analyses, this book provides a modern, comprehensive, and critical guide to the study of the constitutional law of the Union.

The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law

The field of comparative constitutional law is vast and diverse, international and interdisciplinary. The first single source of reference on the topic, the entries in Handbook are written by leading authorities and discuss the most important subjects in the field, covering the history and development of the discipline, core concepts, structure and interpretations, institutions, rights, and emerging trends. It is an invaluable resource for everyone in the field.

A comprehensive reference resource on comparative constitutional law, this title examines the history and development of the discipline, its core concepts, institutions, rights, and emerging trends.

Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, and Human Rights

A Critical Introduction

Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, and Human Rights provides an introduction to public law which draws on developments in politics, the law and society to help the reader gain a fundamental appreciation of the law in its wider context. In addition, it explores the latest ongoing debates around potential constitutional reforms and the author's stimulating style encourages critical analysis. Online resources This book is accompanied by the following online resources: - a fully-integrated online casebook, with edited versions of leading cases and relevant legislation - a selection of mind-maps to help with revision - bonus chapters on the history of the EU - suggested tutorial outlines for lecturers

Online resources This book is accompanied by the following online resources: - a fully-integrated online casebook, with edited versions of leading cases and relevant legislation - a selection of mind-maps to help with revision - bonus ...