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Principles of Macroeconomics

While introducing Principles of Macroeconomics to young minds within the decorum of a university, I face tensions between my religious preference and secular arguments. This is painful as Islam has a rich, comprehensive set of economic arguments that has been applied successfully in the past and is equally effective in the contemporary world. Although in class I try to supplement that discussion with hand notes but the necessity of a formal text is well felt. I am sure that many of my colleagues around the world feel the same way. This textbook is an attempt to address my internal malaise with the hope that it will be useful to others as well who face the same tensions and an urge for a bridge. I have tried to cover all microeconomic topics expected in a standard textbook. I have tried to introduce these concepts keeping an Islamic perspective in mind. Lastly, I wanted to shed some light on how we can follow Islamic principles in an environment of secular epistemology. I sincerely believe that Muslim students and academicians will find this book interesting. May Almighty Allah (SWT) accept our attempt and guide us to true knowledge.

Distribution in Macroeconomic Framework

Macroeconomic Policy and Islamic Finance in Malaysia

This book offers an alternative framework for macroeconomic policy in Malaysia, derived from the universal principles of social justice espoused in the objectives of the Shariah. It attempts to holistically analyze issues related to public finance, which has been criticized for lack of transparency and justice in wealth distribution. This book explores these criticisms and discusses the principles of Islamic finance that may be applied to macroeconomic policymaking to create a better economy overall. It presents a case for a flat tax system, to make the economy more resilient to shocks, and financing methods that limit interest-rate-based debt contracts and allow greater risk sharing among the market participants on a broad scale. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, this book models the Malaysian economy based on policies that apply the fundamental Islamic finance principle of risk sharing to demonstrate its benefits in spurring growth, promoting distributive justice, rendering the economy more stable, strengthening the potency of monetary policy, enhancing fiscal governance, and improving financial inclusion. The book will be of interest to students, policymakers, financial institutions, researchers, ministries of finance, central banks, securities commissions, and anyone interested in alternative economic paradigms.

Macroeconomic Applications in South East Asian Countries

Macroeconomic Models of Islamic Doctrines

An Islamic Model for Stabilization and Growth

This book argues that the macroeconomic policy adjustment models recommended by the IMF and the World Bank for implementation in many Muslim countries, with substantial donor financial support, have not been effective. Economic indicators show low economic growth, persistent fiscal and external deficits and limited industrialization. Also, these countries are experiencing increases in unemployment, poverty and substantial growth in income and wealth ‎inequalities. These facts ‎underline an urgent need to produce an alternative to the failed conventional macroeconomic model in order to address the challenge of ‎macroeconomic and social adjustment policies. The project posits and investigates the idea that the Islamic economic model prescribed in the Quran and applied by the Prophet (sawa) could be the ideal model for Muslim as well as non-Muslim ‎countries.

Stock Markets in Islamic Countries

This book explores the volatility, efficiency and integration of stock markets in Islamic countries. It presents recent trends, growth and performance, before moving on to explore how patterns change during different business cycles for short-term and long-term investors, and ranks the efficiency of the various markets. It addresses how the level of market integration has been affected during different economic periods, and concludes by summarising the performance of the stock markets, suggesting potential future directions for these markets.

Islamic Economics

This book is a comprehensive study, which provides informed knowledge within the field of Islamic Economics. The authors lay down the principal philosophical foundation of a unique and universal theory of Islamic Economics by contrasting it with the perspectives of mainstream economics. The methodological part of the theory of Islamic Economics will arise from the ethical foundation of the Qur'an and the Sunnah (tradition of the Prophet) along with the learned exegeses in such an epistemological derivation of the postulates and formalism of Islamic Economics. This foundational methodology will be contrasted with the contemporary approaches of the random use of mainstream economic theory in Islamic Economics. The book establishes the methodological foundation as the primal and most fundamental premise of the study leading to scientific formalism and the prospect of its application. By way of its Islamic epistemological explanation (philosophical premise) in the form of logical formalism and the use of simple real-world examples, the authors alert the reader that the scientific nature of economics in general and Islamic Economics in particular rests on the conception of the scientific worldview. With its uniquely comparative approach to mainstream economics, this book facilitates a greater understanding of Islamic economic concepts. The senior undergraduate and graduate students will gain exposure to Islamic perspectives of micro- and macroeconomics, money, public finance and development economics. Additionally, this book will be useful to practitioners seeking a greater comprehension of the nature of Islamic economics. It will also enable policymakers to better understand the mechanism of converting institutions, such as public and social policy perspectives.

Islamic Macroeconomics

Islamic Macroeconomics proposes an Islamic model that offers significant prospects for economic growth and durable macroeconomic stability, and which is immune to the defects of the economic models prevailing both in developed and developing countries. An Islamic model advocates a limited government confined to its natural duties of defence, justice, education, health, infrastructure, regulation, and welfare of the vulnerable population. It prohibits interest-based debt and money, and requires full liberalization of all markets including labor, financial, commodity, trade, and foreign exchange markets. The government should be Sharia-compliant in its taxation power and regulatory intervention; it ought to reduce unproductive spending in favor of productive spending. This book is essential reading for students and academics of Islamic economics and finance, economists, practitioners, and researchers.

Economics with Islamic Orientation

This book, spread over 24 chapters, covers Economics with a greater orientation towards Islamic viewpoints. It is also suitable for students studying the subject in developing economies. The book combines the material of two earlier texts of the authoraMacroeconomics (2009) and Fundamentals of Microeconomics (2011). The material has been refined and updated; new explanatory diagrams and illustrations have been included.

Comparative Economic Theory

This text seeks to elucidate the nature and methodology of Islamic political economy, offering a comparative study of occidental thought in the same area. Topics of microeconomics and macroeconomic theory are covered.

Islamic Capital Markets

A comprehensive look at the essentials of Islamic capital markets Bringing together theoretical and practical aspects of capital markets, Islamic Capital Markets offers readers a comprehensive insight into the institutions, instruments, and regulatory framework that comprise Islamic capital markets. Also exploring ideas about money, central banking, and economic growth theory and their role in Islamic capital markets, the book provides students and practitioners with essential information about the analytical tools of Islamic capital markets, serves as a guide to investing in Islamic assets, and examines risk management and the structure of Islamic financial products. Author and Islamic finance expert Noureddine Krichene examines the development of leading Islamic capital markets, including Malaysia, looking at sukuks and stocks in detail and emphasizing valuation, duration, convexity, immunization, yield curves, forward rates, swaps, and risks. Analyzing stock markets, stock valuation, price-earnings ratio, market efficiency hypothesis, and equity premiums, the book addresses uncertainty in capital markets, portfolio diversification theory, risk-return trade-off, pricing of assets, cost of capital, derivatives and their role in hedging and speculation, the principle of arbitrage and replication, Islamic structured products, the financing of large projects, and more. Emphasizes both theoretical and practical aspects of capital markets, covering analytical concepts such as the theory of arbitrage, pricing of assets, capital market pricing model, Arrow-Debreu state prices, risk-neutral pricing, derivatives markets, hedging and risk management, and structured products Provides students and practitioners of finance with must-have information about the analytical tools employed in Islamic capital markets Examines all the most recent developments in major Islamic capital markets, including Malaysia Discussing the advantages of Islamic capital markets and the prospects for their development, Islamic Capital Markets gives readers a fundamental grounding in the subject, with an emphasis on financial theory and real world practice.

Islamic State of Afghanistan

In this study, economic developments and achievements, the role of the IMF, strong economic recovery, the formulation and implementation of the government’s budgetary policy, and the progress made in rebuilding fiscal institutions are first discussed in detail. An overview of the challenges and issues of the authorities faced in the area of monetary and exchange rate policy is also provided. The authorities decided that the primary objective of monetary policy should be to achieve and maintain price stability and thus to restore confidence in the national currency.

Islamic Finance Alternatives for Emerging Economies

Turkey could be considered the most important and leading Islamic country that has implemented the Western economic model successfully mostly because of the modernization efforts since late Ottoman period. As a result of the secularization efforts in the field of economy in early republican era, Muslim people in the country had to deal with non-Islamic practices that contradict with their religious beliefs. Islamic Finance Alternatives for Emerging Economies analyzes the emergence of the Islamic financial institutions in Turkey, by taking into account their history, their operational model, and their legal regulations in the financial field, to discuss the future of Islamic finance. The contributors also consider the ability of Islamic financial institutions and tools to respond to the financial needs of Muslims.

The Universal Paradigm and the Islamic World-system

Written by a contemporary pioneer in the area of the universal paradigm and Islamic world-systems, this book offers a fresh post-modernist outlook on new epistemological investigations in the universal paradigm. It addresses the problems of the unity of knowledge in learning systems, thereby invoking the foundations of Islamic epistemology. The author presents a phenomenological model of unity of knowledge in economics, ethics, science and society. Some critical areas where this model can be applied are also explored.As a foundational study on Islamic theory of knowledge covering the fields of Islamic economics, finance, science and society, the book will be valuable to researchers, practitioners and global academic institutions.

Islamic Finance

This book reviews the Islamic opposition to interest and assesses the feasibility of a non-interest financial system in the light of current economic theory. The Islamic critique of interest is set against a discussion of the methodology of Islamic economics and the opposition to interest within the Judeo-Christian tradition. The range of Islamic non-interest financial contracts is then detailed along with a review of the performance of Islamic banks to date; a model of the allocation of finance within a non-interest system is then presented. Assessment of the issues raised is made within the context of economic literature concerning debt versus equity finance; this includes an examination of banking instability and the business cycle, the determinants of levels of saving and the implications for public finance. The conclusions outline the advantages and disadvantages of a theoretical case for the prohibition of interest, and draws practical lessons for contemporary Western economies.

Islamic Economics and COVID-19

This book is a timely exploration of an unprecedented, cataclysmic pandemic episode. It examines certain critical aspects of socio-scientific theory across a variety of diverse themes, and through an epistemic lens. The book investigates the general theory of pandemic episodes and their adverse long-term effects on human and environmental wellbeing. It includes an in-depth study of COVID-19 but also looks to the future to contemplate potential pandemics to come. The existing approach to the study of pandemics is critically examined in terms of the prevalent isolated and thus mutated way of viewing human and mechanical relations in the name of specialization and modernity. The book presents a novel model of science-economy-society moral inclusiveness that forms a distinctive theoretical approach to the issue of normalizing all forms of pandemic challenges. It is methodologically different from existing economic theory, including the critical study of microeconomic foundations of macroeconomics. Human and environmental existence along with its multidisciplinary outlook of unity of knowledge between modernity, traditionalism, and socio-cultural values is emphasized in the treatment and cure of pandemic episodes. The book is a unique reference work, offering fresh wisdom within the moral methodological worldview.

Macroeconomic Policy and Islamic Finance in Malaysia

This book offers an alternative framework for macroeconomic policy in Malaysia, derived from the universal principles of social justice espoused in the objectives of the Shariah. It attempts to holistically analyze issues related to public finance, which has been criticized for lack of transparency and justice in wealth distribution. This book explores these criticisms and discusses the principles of Islamic finance that may be applied to macroeconomic policymaking to create a better economy overall. It presents a case for a flat tax system, to make the economy more resilient to shocks, and financing methods that limit interest-rate-based debt contracts and allow greater risk sharing among the market participants on a broad scale. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, this book models the Malaysian economy based on policies that apply the fundamental Islamic finance principle of risk sharing to demonstrate its benefits in spurring growth, promoting distributive justice, rendering the economy more stable, strengthening the potency of monetary policy, enhancing fiscal governance, and improving financial inclusion. The book will be of interest to students, policymakers, financial institutions, researchers, ministries of finance, central banks, securities commissions, and anyone interested in alternative economic paradigms.

Consistency and Viability of Islamic Economic Systems and the Transition Process

Consistency and Viability of Islamic Economics Systems and the Transition Process has the crucial intention of stimulating interest in Islamic economics by studying the Islamic Republic of Iran using the analytical framework of consistency and viability. This text develops an original analytic framework to understand the relationship between the economic, political, and ideological structures, the external environment, and the process of reform that gives rise to certain economic systems by establishing consistency. Consistency, however, is not enough; a consistent economic system must be flexible and have the internal mechanisms to be able to adapt to changes in social reality, thus making possible its survival over time. In other words, the economic system is viable when it is able to encourage increases in labor productivity and there is popular support. The collapse of centrally administered socialism in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union resulted in what was commonly referred to as the transition problem.

Islamic Economies

This book explores contemporary empirical issues in Islamic economics. It begins by outlining current trends in Islamic economics and before identifying gaps in the empirical research. It then goes on to discuss the role of institutions in economic growth for Islamic countries, and the fiscal aspects of Islamic economics. It explores issues in debt and growth, as well as the instruments of monetary management in Islamic economics. It analyses the trade-off between growth and stability and concludes with discussion of Zakat and Waqf in driving growth.